Ⅱ Ukungenisa umoya emayini
In the underground, ngenxaizimayiniukusebenza kanye ne-mineral oxidation nezinye izizathu, ukwakheka komoya kuzoshintsha, ikakhulukazi kubonakaliswa ukunciphisa umoya-mpilo, ukwanda kwamagesi anobuthi nayingozi, ukuxuba uthuli lwamaminerali, izinga lokushisa, umswakama, ukushintsha kwengcindezi, njll. Lezi zinguquko zibangela ukulimala kanye nomthelela empilweni. nokuphepha kwabasebenzi. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe impilo yabasebenzi kanye nezimo ezifanele zokusebenza, nokuqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa okuphephile nokuqhubekayo, kuyadingeka ukuthumela umoya ohlanzekile usuka phansi uye phansi, futhi ukhiphe umoya ongcolile usuka phansi uye phansi, okuyinhloso. wokungenisa umoya wami.
1 Isistimu yokungenisa umoya emayini
Ukuze uthumele umoya ohlanzekile owanele ebusweni bezimayini ezingaphansi komhlaba ngendlela ethile kanye nomzila, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukukhipha umoya ongcolile ovela emayini ngendlela ethile kanye nomzila, kuyadingeka ukuthi kudingeke ukuthi imayini ibe nendlela enengqondo. uhlelo lokungenisa umoya.
1)Ngokwezigaba ezihlanganisiwe noma zesifunda zayo yonke imayini
Imayini yakha uhlelo lokungenisa umoya olubalulekile olubizwa ngokuthi iyunifomu yokufaka umoya. Imayini ihlukaniswe yaba amasistimu okuphefumula komoya amaningana azimele, futhi isistimu ngayinye ine-air inlet yayo, i-exhaust shaft namandla okuphefumula. Nakuba kukhona ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-shaft nomgwaqo, ukugeleza komoya akuphazamisi futhi kuzimele komunye nomunye, okubizwa ngokuthi i-partition ventilation.
I-ventilation ehlanganisiwe inezinzuzo zokukhipha umoya okugxilile, okokusebenza okuncane kokukhipha umoya kanye nokuphatha indawo eyodwa. Ezimayini ezinobubanzi obuncane bezimayini kanye nezindawo zokuphuma ezimbalwa, ikakhulukazi ezimayini ezijulile, kunengqondo ukwamukela ukungenwa komoya okuhlangene kwayo yonke imayini.
Ukungena komoya endaweni kunezinzuzo zomgwaqo omfushane womoya, amandla amancane e-Yin, ukuvuza komoya okuncane, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla aphansi, inethiwekhi elula, ukulawula ukugeleza komoya okulula, okuzuzisa ukunciphisa uchungechunge lomoya ongcolile nokusatshalaliswa kwevolumu yomoya, futhi bangathola umphumela ongcono wokungenisa umoya. . Ngakho-ke, ukungena komoya okuhlukanisayo kusetshenziswa kakhulu kwezinye izimayini ezinemizimba yensimbi engashoni futhi ehlakazekile noma izimayini ezinemizimba yensimbi engashoni kanye neMithombo eyengeziwe ngaphezulu.
I-ventilation yendawo ingahlukaniswa ngokusho komzimba we-ore,izimayiniindawo kanye nezinga lesiteji.
2) Ukuhlelwa ngokuhambisana nokuhlelwa kwe-inlet air shaft kanye ne-exhaust air shaft
Uhlelo ngalunye lokungenisa umoya kufanele okungenani lube nomthombo wokungenisa umoya onokwethenjelwa kanye nomthombo onokwethenjelwa wokukhipha umoya. Ngokuvamile i-cage lifting well isetshenziswa njenge-air shaft, ezinye izimayini zisebenzisa i-air shaft ekhethekile. Ngenxa yokuthi ukugeleza komoya okukhiphayo kuqukethe inani elikhulu legesi enobuthi nothuli, i-exhaust Wells ngokuvamile ikhethekile.
Ngokwesimo esihlobene se-inlet air shaft kanye nomoya wokukhipha umoya kahle, ingahlukaniswa ngamalungiselelo amathathu ahlukene: amafomu axubile aphakathi, ama-diagonal naphakathi.
① Isitayela esimaphakathi
I-air inlet kahle kanye ne-exhaust well itholakala phakathi nendawo yomzimba we-ore, futhi umzila wokugeleza wokugeleza komoya ngaphansi komhlaba uhlehliswa, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 3-7.
uhlelo lwe-ventilation oluphakathi
Isakhiwo esimaphakathi sinezinzuzo zezindleko ezincane zengqalasizinda, ukukhiqizwa okusheshayo, isakhiwo somhlaba esiphakathi nendawo, ukuphathwa okulula, umsebenzi wokujula kwe-shaft elula, ukufeza kalula ukulwa nomoya. Isakhiwo esimaphakathi sisetshenziselwa kakhulu ukumba imizimba yensimbi elaminethiwe.
② I-diagonal
Ku-air shaft ophikweni lomzimba we-ore, i-exhaust shaft kwelinye iphiko lomzimba we-ore, elibizwa ngokuthi i-single wing diagonal, njengoba kuboniswe kumfanekiso 3-8 ku-air shaft phakathi nomzimba we-ore, i-air shaft ebuyela emuva. amaphiko amabili, abizwa ngokuthi amaphiko amabili diagonal, njengoba kuboniswe emfanekisweni 3-9 lapho umzimba we-ore umude kakhulu, ungene ku-air shaft kanye ne-exhaust shaft eduze kwesakhiwo sesikhawu noma ukujiya komzimba we-ore, ku-air shaft, shaft yokukhipha insimbi ezungeze insimbi. isakhiwo somzimba, esibizwa ngokuthi uhlobo lwe-diagonal yesikhawu. Ku-ventilation ye-diagonal, umzila wokugeleza wokugeleza komoya emayini uqondile.
Umphini wokungenisa umoya onephiko elilodwa diagonal
Ukuhlelwa kwe-diagonal kunezinzuzo zomugqa womoya omfushane, ukulahlekelwa umoya omncane, ukuvuza komoya okuncane, ukucindezela komoya okuzinzile ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza imayini, ukusatshalaliswa kwevolumu yomoya okufanayo, kanye nebanga elikude ukusuka endaweni yezimboni. Imodi ye-Diagonal layout ngokuvamile isetshenziswa ezimayini zensimbi.
③ Uhlobo lokuxuba oluphakathi nendawo
Lapho umzimba we-ore umude futhi uhla lwezimayini lubanzi, ukuthuthukiswa okuphakathi, kungahlelwa phakathi nomzimba we-ore, ukuxazulula umoya wezimayini zomzimba we-ore ophakathi emgodini wokukhipha umoya emaphikweni amabili emayini, ukuxazulula umoya wokumbiwa kwe-ore ekude, umzimba wonke we-ore unokubili okuphakathi nendawo kanye ne-diagonal, okwenza i-diagonal ephakathi exutshwe.
Nakuba amafomu okuhlelwa kwe-air inlet kahle kanye nokukhipha kahle kungafingqwa njengezinhlobo ezingenhla, ngenxa yezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-ore body kanye nokuxhashazwa okuhlukile nezindlela zokumba izimayini, ekuklanyeni nasekukhiqizeni umkhuba, ukuhlelwa kufanele kwenziwe ngokuvumelana izimo ezithile zemayini ngayinye, ngaphandle kwemikhawulo yalezi zinhlobo ezingenhla.
3) Ukuhlukaniswa ngokuya ngemodi yokusebenza yefeni
Izindlela zokusebenza zefeni zihlanganisa uhlobo lokucindezela, uhlobo lokukhipha kanye nohlobo oluxubile.
① Ingcindezi
I-pressure-in ventilation iwukwenza yonke isistimu yokukhipha umoya ukuze yakhe isimo sokucindezela okuhle ngaphezu kokucindezela komkhathi wendawo ngaphansi kwesenzo se-fan yokucindezela okukhulu. Ngenxa yokugcwala kokugeleza komoya, i-gradient ephezulu yokucindezela engxenyeni yokungena komoya ingenza ukugeleza komoya omusha kuthunyelwe ngokushesha ngaphansi komhlaba ngomzila obekiwe wokungenisa umoya, ukugwema ukungcoliswa okunye ukusebenza, futhi izinga lomoya lihle.
Ububi bokungena komoya ocindezelayo ukuthi izinsiza zokulawula ukugeleza komoya njengezicabha zomoya zidinga ukutholakala engxenyeni yokungena komoya. Ngenxa yokuhamba njalo kanye nabahamba ngezinyawo, akulula ukuphatha nokulawula, futhi phansi komthombo kunokuvuza okukhulu komoya. I-gradient yokucindezela okuphansi yenziwa ku-ventilator eyinhloko engxenyeni yokukhipha umoya, futhi umoya ongcolile awukwazi ukukhishwa ngokushesha emoyeni ngokuvumelana nomzila omisiwe, okwenza ukugeleza komoya ongaphansi komhlaba kuphazamiseke. Engeza ukuphazamiseka komoya wemvelo, ngisho nokuhlehla komoya, ukungcoliswa kwesenzakalo somoya esisha.
②Uhlobo lokuphuma
Ukungenisa komoya okukhiphayo ukwenza lonke uhlelo lokungenisa umoya ngaphansi kwesenzo sesiphephetha-moya esikhulu ukwenza umfutho ongemuhle ube phansi kunokucindezela komkhathi wendawo. Ngenxa yokugcwala komoya wokukhipha kanye nevolumu enkulu yokukhipha umoya, umoya wokukhipha umoya okhipha umoya ubangela ukukhuphuka komfutho ophezulu ohlangothini lokukhipha umoya, okwenza umoya ongcolile wendawo ngayinye yokusebenza ugxile ngokushesha kumgudu wokukhipha umoya, futhi umusi wesistimu yokukhipha umoya awukho. ukusakazeka kalula kweminye imigwaqo, futhi isivinini sokukhipha intuthu siyashesha. Lokhu kuyinzuzo enkulu yokudonsa umoya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-air conditioning kanye nezindawo zokulawula zifakwe ku-duct exhaust, zingavimbeli ukuthuthwa kwabahamba ngezinyawo, ukuphathwa okulula, ukulawula okuthembekile.
Ububi bokungena komoya okumunca ukuthi uma isistimu yokukhipha umoya ingaqinile, kulula ukubangela isenzakalo esifushane sokumuncwa komoya. Ikakhulukazi lapho indlela yokugoqa isetshenziselwa imayini, indawo engaphansi komhlaba kanye nembuzi kuxhunyiwe, lesi simo sibucayi kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umfutho womoya wendawo yokusebenza kanye nesistimu yonke yokungena komoya iphansi, futhi umgwaqo womoya wokungena emoyeni uthintwa ukucindezela komoya okungokwemvelo, okulula ukuhlehla, okubangela ukuphazamiseka kokugeleza komoya ongaphansi komhlaba. Isistimu yokukhipha umoya wokukhipha umoya yenza ukuphakamisa okuyinhloko kahle endaweni yokungena emoyeni, futhi izimayini ezisenyakatho kufanele zicabangele ukuphakamisa kahle ebusika.
Iningi lezimayini zensimbi nezinye ezingezona zamalahle e-China zisebenzisa umoya odonsayo.
3) Ingxube yokucindezela nokumpompa
Ukungenisa komoya okuxubile okupompa ingcindezi kulawulwa isiphephetha-moya esiyinhloko ohlangothini lokungena kanye nohlangothi lwe-exhaust, ukuze ingxenye yokungena kanye nengxenye yokukhipha umoya ngaphansi kwesenzo somfutho womoya ophezulu kanye ne-pressure gradient, ukugeleza komoya ngokuya ngomzila omisiwe, ukuphuma kwentuthu kube ngokushesha, ukuvuza komoya kuyancishiswa, akulula ukuphazanyiswa umoya wemvelo futhi kubangele ukuhlehla komoya. Inzuzo yakho kokubili imodi yokufaka umoya ocindezelayo kanye nemodi yokudonsa komoya kuyindlela ebalulekile yokuthuthukisa umphumela wokungenisa komoya osezimayini.
Ububi bokucindezela kanye nokumpompa umoya oxubile ukuthi kunemishini yokungenisa umoya eyengeziwe edingekayo, futhi ukugeleza komoya esigabeni somoya akukwazi ukulawulwa. Ukuvuza komoya phansi kwendawo yokungena komthombo kanye nendawo edilikayo yohlangothi lwe-exhaust kusekhona, kodwa kuncane kakhulu.
Uma ukhetha imodi yokungenisa umoya, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi indawo engaphezulu inendawo yokuwa noma enye imigudu okunzima ukuyihlukanisa kuyisici esibaluleke kakhulu. Ezimayini eziqukethe izakhi ezikhipha imisebe noma amatshe amaminerali anengozi yokuvutha ngokuzenzekelayo, uhlobo lokumpompa ingcindezi noma uhlobo oluxubile lokumpompa umfutho kufanele kuthathwe uhlobo olulawulekayo lwesiteshi somshini wezigaba eziningi. Emayini engenayo indawo engaphansi noma engenawo indawo engaphansi kodwa ekwazi ukugcina ipayipi lepayipi liqinile ngokugcwalisa nokuvala, uhlobo lokukhipha noma uhlobo lokukhipha ikakhulukazi uhlobo lokukhipha kufanele kusetshenziswe. Ezimayini ezinenani elikhulu lezindawo ezingaphansi komhlaba, kanye nezimayini ezingahlukanisiwe kalula phakathi kwe-exhaust duct kanye ne-goaf, noma izimayini zivulwe kusukela endaweni evulekile ukuya ezimayini ezingaphansi komhlaba, ingcindezi enkulu kanye nokupompa uhlobo oluxubile noma i-multi -Isiteshi somshini wesiteji uhlobo olulawulekayo kufanele lwamukelwe.
Indawo yokufaka i-ventilator eyinhloko ngokuvamile iphansi futhi ingafakwa ngaphansi komhlaba. Inzuzo yokufakwa phansi ukuthi ukufakwa, ukulungiswa, ukulungiswa nokuphathwa kulula kakhulu futhi akulula ukulinyazwa yizinhlekelele ezingaphansi komhlaba. Okubi ukuthi ukuvalwa kwe-wellhead, idivayisi ehlehlayo kanye nomhubhe womoya kunezindleko eziphezulu zokwakha kanye nokuvuza komoya okufushane; lapho imayini ijulile futhi ubuso bokusebenza bukude ne-ventilator eyinhloko, izindleko zokufaka nezokwakha ziphezulu. Inzuzo ye-ventilator eyinhloko efakwe ngaphansi komhlaba ukuthi idivayisi yokuphefumula eyinhloko ivuza kancane, isiphephetha-moya siseduze nesigaba somoya, ukuvuza komoya okuncane endleleni kungasebenzisa umoya omningi noma i-exhaust ngesikhathi esifanayo, okunganciphisa umoya. ukumelana nokuvala kancane. Ububi bayo ukuthi ukufakwa, ukuhlolwa, ukuphathwa akulula, kulula ukulinyazwa yizinhlekelele ezingaphansi komhlaba.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-31-2023
