Ⅰ. Ukuphakamisa ezokuthutha
1 Ukuphakanyiswa kwami
Ukuphakamisa imayini isixhumanisi sokuthutha ukuthutha insimbi, imfucuza yamatshe kanye nabasebenzi abaphakamisayo, izinsiza zokuphakamisa kanye nemishini ngemishini ethile. Ngokwezinto zokuphakamisa izintambo zingahlukaniswa zibe izigaba ezimbili, enye i-rope hoisting (ukuphakamisa intambo), enye i-rope hoisting (njengeibhande elihambisa ibhandei-hoisting, i-hydraulic hoisting kanye ne-pneumatic hoisting, njll.), phakathi kwayo ukuphakanyiswa kwezintambo zezintambo kusetshenziswa kakhulu.
1) Ukwakhiwa kwemishini yokuphakamisa imayini
Izingxenye eziyinhloko zemishini yokuphakamisa imayini isitsha sokuphakamisa, intambo yocingo yokuphakamisa, ikheshi (kuhlanganise nedivaysi yokudonsa), i-derrick nesondo lesibhakabhaka, kanye nokulayisha nokukhipha izinsimbi ezisizayo.
2) Ukuhlelwa kwemishini yokuphakamisa imayini
(1) Ngokuthambekela kwe-shaft, ihlukaniswe ngemishini yokuphakamisa i-shaft kanye nemishini yokuphakamisa i-shaft ethambekele.
(2) Ngokohlobo lwesiqukathi sokuphakamisa amakheji, singahlukaniswa sibe izinto zokuphakamisa ikheji, izinto zokweqa, izinto zokuphakamisa i-skip-cage, okokuphakamisa amabhakede, nezinto zokuphakamisa amaloli ezintambo ze-Inclined Wells.
(3) Ngokusetshenziswa kwe-hoisting, okokusebenza okuyinhloko kokuphakamisa (insimbi ekhethekile noma ngokuyinhloko yokuphakamisa, ngokuvamile eyaziwa nangokuthi insimbi eyinhloko yokuphakamisa umthombo), okokusiza ukuphakamisa amatshe (ukuphakamisa itshe lemfucuza, izisebenzi zokuphakamisa impahla, izinto zokuthutha nezinto zokusebenza, njll. , ngokuvamile eyaziwa nangokuthi isisetshenziswa esisizayo sokuphakamisa kahle kahle) kanye nezinto ezisizayo zokuphakamisa (ezifana ne-patio elevator, ukugcinwa nokuphakanyiswa, njll.).
(4) Ngokohlobo lwe-hoist, ihlukaniswe yaba izinto zokuphakamisa intambo eyodwa (inenyeisigubhukanye nesigubhu esiphindwe kabili), okokusebenza okuhlanganisa izintambo eziningi okumazombezombe, okokusebenza kwentambo eyodwa (akusakhiqiziwe), kanye nemishini yokuphakamisa izintambo eziningi.
(5) Ngokwenani leziqukathi zokuphakamisa isitsha, ihlukaniswe yaba into eyodwa (enesando sebhalansi) kanye nezinto zokuphakamisa iziqukathi ezimbili.
(6) Ngokwesimo sebhalansi yohlelo lokuphakamisa, ihlukaniswe yaba amathuluzi okuphakamisa ongalingani kanye nemishini yokuphakamisa ibhalansi emile.
(7) Ngokohlobo lokuhudula, ihlukaniswe yaba yimishini yokuphakamisa i-AC kanye nemishini yokuphakamisa i-DC.
3) Uhlelo lokuphakamisa
(1) Ukuphakanyiswa kwe-shaft ngentambo eyodwa
Ezimayini ezinokujula komthombo ongaphansi kwama-300m kanye nobubanzi besigubhu obungeqile ku-3m, kuyancomeka ukuthi usebenzise uhlelo olulodwa lokumayokozo lwezintambo. Ukukhetha ikheji noma okweqa njengesiqukathi sokuphakamisa inkinga ebalulekile ekwakhiweni, okudingeka kunqunywe ngokuqhathanisa izici ezihlukahlukene (i-multi-rope friction hoisting iyafana).
Ngokuvamile ekwakhiweni kwesistimu yokuphakamisa, amasethi amabili emishini yokuphakamisa asetshenziswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphuma kwemayini nokuqedela eminye imisebenzi yokuphakamisa. Umthombo oyinhloko ukweqa ukuze uphakamise insimbi, futhi umthombo osizayo ngamakheji okuqedela umsebenzi wokuphakamisa okusizayo noma iMithombo eyinhloko nesizayo wonke amakheji. Iyiphi indlela okufanele inqunywe ngokwemibandela ethile yemayini ngayinye. Uma okukhiphayo ngonyaka kwemayini kukukhulu, kuhle kakhulu ukusebenzisa i-main shaft skip, ikheji ye-shaft eyi-auxiliary lapho ukukhishwa kwemayini minyaka yonke kukuncane noma uhlobo lwe-ore lungaphezu kwezinhlobo ezimbili, noma i-ore ingafanele ukwenziwa. echotshoziwe, kungcono ukusebenzisa ikheji.
Uma i-multi-level inyuswa, i-balance hammer cage eyodwa ivamise ukusetshenziselwa ukwandisa ezimayini lapho isivuno singesikhulu kakhulu nezinga lokuthuthuka lingaphezulu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi amasethi amabili ebhalansi isando sekheji elilodwa asetshenziswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe isivuno.
Ezimayini ezinomkhiqizo omncane kakhulu wonyaka, isethi yemishini yokuphakamisa ikheji ingasetshenziswa ukuqedela yonke imisebenzi yokuphakamisa. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ngezimayini zensimbi ezingenayo insimbi, izimayini ezingezona ezensimbi kanye nezimayini zezimboni zenuzi eShayina.
(2) I-Shaft friction hoisting enezintambo eziningi
I-Multi-rope friction elevator inezinzuzo eziningi. Ngakho-ke, ngaphezu kwekheshi lokushayisana kwezintambo eziningi lapho ukujula komthombo kungaphezu kwama-300m esikhundleni sobubanzi besigubhu obungaphezu kuka-3m, ilifti elincane lezintambo eziningi lingasetshenziswa ukufaka isigubhu esikhundleni sekheshi elijikayo elinentambo eyodwa. ububanzi bungaphansi kuka-3m.
Njengoba kunzima ukulungisa ubude bentambo yocingo, i-double container lift ifanele izinga elilodwa lokukhiqiza. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yethonya lokuguqulwa kwentambo yocingo ephakamisayo, uhlelo lokuphakamisa iziqukathi oluphindwe kabili lungaqinisekisa kuphela ukupaka okunembile kwekhanda lomthombo ekusebenzeni kwangempela, futhi isitsha esingaphansi komthombo sipakwe endaweni. indawo eqondile (ekuphakameni kwe-skip, ukunemba kwendawo yokupaka akuqinile).
Isistimu yokuphakamisa isando ebhalansi yesiqukathi esisodwa ifaneleka ngokukhethekile ezimayini zokuphakamisa amazinga amaningi. Futhi ukuphakamisa isando sebhalansi kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-skid yesistimu ye-multi-rope friction hoisting. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo lokuphakamisa isiqukathi esisodwa aluthintwa ukuguqulwa kwentambo yocingo, olungaqinisekisa indawo yokupaka enembile kuwo wonke amazinga okukhiqiza, ngakho-ke isetshenziswa kakhulu. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe amazinga amaningi ngezinhlobo ze-ore ezingaphezu kwezimbili, amasethi amabili emishini yokuphakamisa isiqukathi esisodwa kanye nesethi eyodwa yesiqukathi esisodwa ngokwezidingo zezinga elithile lokukhiqiza kanye nezinga lokukhiqiza.
(3) Ukuphakamisa umgodi we-slope
Ukukhuthazwa kwe-shaft okuthambekele kunezinzuzo zokwakha ngokushesha kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali okuncane. Ububi bayo ukuthi ijubane lokuphakamisa lihamba kancane, ikakhulukazi uma ubude obuthambekele bukhulu, amandla okukhiqiza mancane, ukugqokwa kwezintambo zocingo kukhulu, futhi izindleko zokulungisa umthombo ziphezulu. Ngakho-ke, ukuphakanyiswa kwe-shaft okuthambekele kusetshenziswa kakhulu ezimayini ezincane neziphakathi (ngaphandle kokwenyuswa kwe-belt conveyor).
I-hoisting ihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezimbili: i-hook eyodwa kanye ne-double hook. Izinzuzo zokuthuthuka kweyunithi yezimayini ze-hook eyodwa ingxenye ye-shaft encane, ukutshalwa kwezimali okuncane, izindleko eziphansi zokunakekela kanye nokuthuthukiswa okufanelekile kwamazinga amaningi. Ukungalungi umthamo wokukhiqiza ophansi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla aphezulu. Izinzuzo zokuthuthukiswa kwezimoto zemayini ye-double hook ziwumphumela omkhulu kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla amancane, njengengxenye ye-shaft enkulu, inkambu eyinkimbinkimbi yokulayisha nokuthulula, ukutshalwa kwezimali okwengeziwe, okungahambisani nokuthuthukiswa kwamazinga amaningi. Ngokuvamile, lapho imoto ye-hook eyodwa isetshenziselwa ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokukhiqiza, iyunithi ye-double hook ayisetshenziswa.
Ngenxa yokutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kanye nesikhathi eside sokwakha, lapho ukuthambekela kwe-shaft ethambekele kungaphansi kuka-28 °, iqembu lezimoto zezimayini kufanele lamukelwe ngangokunokwenzeka. Kodwa-ke, isivinini esivumelekile sokweqa i-shaft skip sikhulu futhi nesikhathi sokupaka sifushane. Ngakho-ke, emayini enokukhishwa okukhulu konyaka, akukho kosayizi we-Angle yokuthambekela. Kodwa-ke, lapho ukuthambekela kungaphansi kuka-18°, isidluliseli sebhande singasetshenziswa.
4) Ukubuyiswa kwe-mineral powder
I-shaft skip hoisting kungenxa yokugcwaliswa kwe-ore, ukugcwaliswa kwe-ore noma ukugeleza kwamanzi kwe-ore, insimbi ecolekile noma udaka kanye nokuxutshwa kwamanzi, futhi kuvuza ngaphansi komthombo ngegebe lesango, kwakheka inani elikhulu lodaka. , okuholela ekunqwabeleni kwetshe lensimbi elicolekileyo phansi komthombo. Ngaphezu kokuthatha izinyathelo eziphumelelayo zokunciphisa umthombo wensimbi ecolekileyo, imishini yokubuyisela insimbi ecolekile kufanele yakhelwe. Izindlela ezijwayelekile zokubuyisela i-powder ore zinezinhlobo ezimbalwa ezilandelayo.
(1) Usebenzisa indawo engaphansi komthombo njenge-powder bunker, kusukela ezingeni eliphansi lokukhipha i-shaft, yimba umgwaqo ngomgodi omncane wemayini yekheji) ngaphansi komthombo we-skip. Ngemuva kokuthi i-powder ilayishwe ngesango le-funnel, iyaphakanyiswa futhi ithululwe ikheji elincane (noma elincane elithambekele kahle) ku-skip bunker.
(2) Lapho umthombo oxubile wamukelwe, indawo yokugcina insimbi eyimpushana isethwe ohlangothini olungezansi lomthombo, ukusuka ekhejini lethangi elingaphansi kuya emotweni, futhi ixhunywe nechweba lokulayisha le-powder ore warehouse ngomzila oseceleni. Ngemuva kokuthi i-powder ore ilayishiwe, ithangi liyaphakanyiswa, lilayishwe endaweni yokugcina imayini ye-skip noma liphakamise ngokuqondile phezulu.
(3) Lapho iMithombo eyinhloko nesizayo iseduze, umthombo osizayo uba izinga elilodwa ngaphambi kwawo. Ngemva kokuba insimbi ecolekile isilayishiwe isuka endaweni yokugcina impahla eyimpushana engaphansi yomthombo omkhulu, i-shaft eyisizayo iyaphakanyiswa futhi yehliselwe endaweni yokugcina impahla ye-skip, noma iphakamise ngokuqondile phezulu.
Phakathi kwalezi zindlela ezintathu ezingenhla, indlela yokuqala inenani elikhulu lokuthuthuka futhi nokuphatha akulula, kodwa kungagwema ubungozi bokusebenzisa intambo yomsila elinganisiwe noma umzila wethangi lentambo lapho intambo yomsila noma intambo yethangi idlula kumpushana. i-bunker ngezindlela ezimbili zokugcina.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-03-2023
