Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kungenye yezingozi ezibaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni wonke ezibhekene nomphakathi wethu wesimanje. Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kunomthelela ongapheli nolimazayo endleleni esisebenzisa ngayo nasekukhiqizeni, kodwa ezifundeni ezihlukene zomhlaba, ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuhluke kakhulu. Nakuba igalelo elingokomlando lamazwe angathuthukile ngokwezomnotho ekukhiqizweni kwekhabhoni emhlabeni wonke liyinto encane, la mazwe asethwale izindleko eziphezulu zokuguquka kwesimo sezulu, okusobala ukuthi azilingani. Izehlakalo zesimo sezulu esibi zinomthelela omubi, njengesomiso esibi kakhulu, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu, izikhukhula ezibhubhisayo, inani elikhulu lababaleki, izinsongo ezinkulu zokuvikeleka kokudla emhlabeni wonke kanye nemithelela engenakulungiseka emhlabeni nasemithonjeni yamanzi. Izimo zezulu ezingavamile ezifana no-El Nino zizoqhubeka nokwenzeka futhi ziba zimbi nakakhulu.
Ngokufanayo, ngenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, iimboni yezimayinifuthi ibhekene nezici eziyingozi eziphakeme ezingokoqobo. Ngoba iizimayinikanye nezindawo zokukhiqiza zamaphrojekthi amaningi okuthuthukiswa kwezimayini zibhekene nobungozi bokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, futhi zizoba sengozini kakhulu ngaphansi komthelela oqhubekayo wezehlakalo zesimo sezulu esibi. Isibonelo, izimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu zingaphazamisa ukuzinza kwamadamu ezinsalela zezimayini futhi zibhebhethekise ukwenzeka kwezingozi zokuphuka kwamadamu.
Ukwengeza, ukwenzeka kwezimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu kanye nezimo zezulu ezishintshayo nakho kuholela enkingeni ebucayi yokuhlinzekwa kwemithombo yamanzi emhlabeni jikelele. Ukuhlinzekwa kwemithombo yamanzi akuyona nje indlela ebalulekile yokukhiqiza emisebenzini yezimayini, kodwa futhi kuyinsiza yokuphila ebaluleke kakhulu kubahlali bendawo ezindaweni zezimayini. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yezindawo ezinothile ngethusi, igolide, insimbi, ne-zinc (30-50%) ayinawo amanzi, kanti ingxenye yesithathu yezindawo zezimayini zegolide nezethusi emhlabeni zingabona ingozi yazo yamanzi yesikhashana ngokuphindwe kabili. 2030, ngokusho kwe-S & P Global Assessment. Ingozi yamanzi iyingozi kakhulu eMexico. E-Mexico, lapho imiklamo yezimayini iqhudelana nemiphakathi yendawo ngemithombo yamanzi kanye nezindleko zokusebenza kwezimayini ziphezulu, ukungezwani okuphezulu kobudlelwane bomphakathi kungaba nomthelela omkhulu emisebenzini yezimayini.
Ukuze kubhekwane nezici eziyingozi ezahlukahlukene, imboni yezimayini idinga imodeli yokukhiqiza izimayini esimeme. Leli akulona nje iqhinga lokugwema ubungozi elinenzuzo emabhizinisini ezimayini nakubatshalizimali, kodwa futhi wukuziphatha ngendlela efanele emphakathini. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amabhizinisi ezimayini kufanele andise utshalomali lwawo ezisombululweni zobuchwepheshe ezisimeme, njengokunciphisa izici eziyingozi ekuhlinzekweni kwamanzi, nokwandisa utshalomali ekunciphiseni ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni embonini yezimayini. Iimboni yezimayinikulindeleke ukuthi ikhulise kakhulu ukutshalwa kwezimali kwayo ezisombululweni zobuchwepheshe zokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni, ikakhulukazi emikhakheni yezimoto zikagesi, ubuchwepheshe bephaneli yelanga kanye nezinhlelo zokugcina amandla ebhethri.
Imboni yezimayini idlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni izinto ezidingekayo ukubhekana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Eqinisweni, umhlaba usendleleni yokushintshela emphakathini onekhabhoni ephansi esikhathini esizayo, odinga inani elikhulu lemithombo yezimbiwa. Ukuze kuzuzwe okuhlosiwe kokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni okubekwe yiSivumelwano saseParis, amandla okukhiqiza emhlabeni wonke obuchwepheshe bokukhishwa kwekhabhoni ephansi, njengama-turbines omoya, izinto zokuphehla amandla elanga e-photovoltaic, izindawo zokugcina amandla kanye nezimoto zikagesi, zizothuthukiswa kakhulu. Ngokusho kokulinganisa kweBhange Lomhlaba, ukukhiqizwa komhlaba wonke kwalezi zobuchwepheshe zekhabhoni ephansi kuzodinga amathani angaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-3 zemithombo yamaminerali kanye nemithombo yensimbi ngo-2020. Nokho, ezinye zemithombo yamaminerali eyaziwa ngokuthi "izinsiza ezibalulekile", njenge I-graphite, i-lithium ne-cobalt, ingase ikhulise ukukhiqizwa komhlaba wonke cishe izikhathi ezinhlanu ngo-2050, ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo esikhulayo semithombo yobuchwepheshe bamandla ahlanzekile. Lezi yizindaba ezinhle embonini yezimayini, ngoba uma imboni yezimayini ingasebenzisa le ndlela engenhla esimeme yokukhiqiza izimayini ngesikhathi esifanayo, khona-ke imboni izofaka isandla esiwujuqu ekufezekisweni komgomo wesikhathi esizayo wentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo wokuvikelwa kwemvelo okuluhlaza.
Amazwe asathuthuka akhiqize inani elikhulu lemithombo yezimbiwa edingekayo ukuze kube noguquko lwekhabhoni ephansi emhlabeni wonke. Ngokomlando, amazwe amaningi akhiqiza izimbiwa phansi akhungethwe yisiqalekiso sezinsiza, ngoba la mazwe athembele kakhulu emalini yamalungelo okumbiwa, intela yemithombo yezimbiwa kanye nokuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo yezimbiwa eluhlaza, ngaleyo ndlela kube nomthelela endleleni yokuthuthukiswa kwezwe. Ikusasa eliphumelelayo neliqhubekayo elidingwa umphakathi wesintu lidinga ukwephula isiqalekiso semithombo yezimbiwa. Kungale ndlela kuphela amazwe asathuthuka angakwazi ukulungela kangcono ukuzivumelanisa nokusabela ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu emhlabeni wonke.
Umhlahlandlela wokufeza lo mgomo owokuba amazwe asathuthuka anemithombo ephezulu yezimbiwa asheshise izinyathelo ezihambisanayo zokuthuthukisa umthamo wendawo kanye nesifunda. Lokhu kubalulekile ngezindlela eziningi. Okokuqala, ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni kudala ingcebo futhi ngaleyo ndlela kunikeza ukwesekwa okwanele kwezezimali ukuze kulungiswe futhi kuncishiswe ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu emazweni asathuthuka. Okwesibili, ukugwema umthelela woguquko lwamandla emhlabeni wonke, umhlaba ngeke uxazulule ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu ngokushintsha isethi yobuchwepheshe bamandla ngobunye. Njengamanje, uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla emhlabeni wonke lusalokhu luyi-greenhouse gas emitter, uma kubhekwa ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu kwamandla kaphethiloli wezinsalela ngumkhakha wezokuthutha wamazwe ngamazwe. Ngakho-ke, ukwenziwa kwasekhaya kobuchwepheshe bamandla aluhlaza akhishwa futhi akhiqizwa imboni yezimayini kuzosiza ekunciphiseni ukukhishwa kwesisi esingcolisa umoya ngokusondeza isisekelo sokuphakelwa kwamandla aluhlaza eduze kwemayini. Okwesithathu, amazwe asathuthuka azokwazi ukusebenzisa izixazululo zamandla aluhlaza kuphela uma izindleko zokukhiqiza amandla aluhlaza zincishiswa ukuze abantu bakwazi ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obunjalo obuluhlaza ngentengo efinyelelekayo. Emazweni nasezifundeni lapho izindleko zokukhiqiza ziphansi, izikimu zokukhiqiza zasendaweni ezinobuchwepheshe bamandla aluhlaza zingase zibe inketho okufanele icatshangelwe.
Njengoba kugcizelelwe kulesi sihloko, emikhakheni eminingi, imboni yezimayini nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuxhumene ngendlela engenakuhlukaniswa. Imboni yezimayini idlala indima ebalulekile. Uma sifuna ukugwema okubi kakhulu, kufanele sithathe isinyathelo ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Noma ngabe izintshisakalo, amathuba kanye nezinto eziza kuqala kuzo zonke izinhlangothi zingagculisi, kwesinye isikhathi zize zingathandeki neze, abenzi bezinqubomgomo zikahulumeni nabaholi bamabhizinisi abanakho ukukhetha ngaphandle kokuhlanganisa izenzo futhi bazame ukuthola izixazululo ezisebenzayo ezamukelekayo kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Kodwa okwamanje, ijubane lenqubekelaphambili lihamba kancane, futhi asinakho ukuzimisela okuqinile ukufeza lo mgomo. Njengamanje, iqhinga lokwakhiwa kwezinhlelo eziningi zokubhekana nesimo sezulu liqhutshwa ohulumeni bakazwelonke futhi seliyithuluzi le-geopolitical. Mayelana nokufeza izinhloso zokubhekana nesimo sezulu, kunomehluko osobala ezithakazelweni nasezidingweni zamazwe ahlukahlukene. Nokho, indlela yohlaka yokubhekana nesimo sezulu, ikakhulukazi imithetho yokuphathwa kwezohwebo kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali, ibonakala iphikisana ngokuphelele nezinjongo zokubhekana nesimo sezulu.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-16-2023
