Ⅱ Ukungenisa umoya kwimigodi
Kumhlaba ophantsi, ngenxa yeimigodiukusebenza kunye ne-mineral oxidation kunye nezinye izizathu, ukubunjwa komoya kuya kutshintsha, ikakhulukazi kubonakaliswe njengokunciphisa i-oksijini, ukwanda kweegesi ezinobuthi kunye neziyingozi, ukuxuba uthuli lwezimbiwa, ubushushu, ukufuma, utshintsho loxinzelelo, njl njl. Olu tshintsho lubangela umonakalo kunye nefuthe kwimpilo. kunye nokhuseleko lwabasebenzi. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe impilo yabasebenzi kunye neemeko ezifanelekileyo zokusebenza, kunye nokuqinisekisa imveliso ekhuselekileyo kunye neqhubekayo, kuyimfuneko ukuthumela umoya omtsha ukusuka emhlabeni ukuya phantsi komhlaba, kwaye ukhuphe umoya ongcolileyo ukusuka phantsi komhlaba ukuya emhlabeni, yinjongo leyo. yokungena komoya wam.
1 Inkqubo yokungenisa umoya emigodini
Ukuze kuthunyelwe umoya ococekileyo owaneleyo ebusweni bemigodi engaphantsi komhlaba ecaleni kwendlela ethile kunye nendlela, kwaye kwangaxeshanye ukukhupha umoya omdaka ovela kumgodi kwicala elithile kunye nendlela, kuyafuneka ukuba umgodi ube nengqiqo. inkqubo yokungenisa umoya.
1)Ngokokudityaniswa okudityanisiweyo okanye ngokwengingqi yomgodi wonke
Umgodi wenza inkqubo edityanisiweyo yokuphefumla ebizwa ngokuba yi-uniform ventilation. Umgodi wahlulwe ngokweenkqubo ezininzi ezizimeleyo zokungenisa umoya, kwaye inkqubo nganye inesikhala sayo somoya, i-exhaust shaft kunye namandla okuphuma komoya. Nangona kukho unxibelelwano phakathi kweshaft kunye nendlela, ukuhamba komoya akuphazamisi omnye komnye kwaye kuzimele omnye komnye, okubizwa ngokuba yi-partition ventilation.
Ukungena komoya okudityanisiweyo kuneengenelo zokuphuma okugxininisiweyo, izixhobo zokungenisa umoya ezincinci kunye nolawulo olulula oluphakathi. Kwimigodi enomda omncinci wokumbiwa kwemigodi kunye nokuphuma okumbalwa komhlaba, ngakumbi imigodi enzulu, kunengqiqo ukwamkela umoya odibeneyo wokungena kwindawo yonke.
I-ventilation yendawo ineenzuzo zendlela yomoya omfutshane, amandla amancinci eYin, ukuvuza komoya okuncinci, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi, inethiwekhi elula, ukulawula ukuhamba komoya, kunenzuzo ekunciphiseni uchungechunge lomoya ongcolileyo kunye nokusabalalisa umthamo womoya, kwaye unokufumana umphumo ongcono wokungenisa umoya. . Ke ngoko, ukungena komoya ngokwahlulahlula kusetyenziswa kakhulu kweminye imigodi enemizimba yentsimbi engekho nzulu okanye esasazekileyo okanye imigodi enemizimba yentsimbi engekho nzulu kunye neMigodi emininzi ngaphezulu.
Indawo yokungena komoya inokwahlulwa ngokomzimba we-ore,imigodiindawo kunye nenqanaba leqonga.
2) Ukwahlula ngokwelungiselelo le-inlet air shaft kunye ne-exhaust air shaft
Isixokelelwano ngasinye sokungenisa umoya kufuneka sibe nobuncinci bokungena umoya othembekileyo kunye nomthombo othembekileyo wokukhupha. Ngokuqhelekileyo i-cage lifting well isetyenziswa njenge-air shaft, ezinye imigodi zisebenzisa i-shaft ekhethekileyo yomoya. Ngenxa yokuba i-exhaust air flow iqulethe inani elikhulu lerhasi enetyhefu kunye nothuli, i-exhaust Wells iyona nto ikhethekileyo.
Ngokwendawo ehambelanayo ye-inlet air shaft kunye ne-air exhaust kakuhle, inokwahlulwa ibe ngamalungiselelo amathathu ahlukeneyo: i-central, i-diagonal kunye ne-diagonal edibeneyo ephakathi.
① Isimbo esembindini
I-air inlet kakuhle kunye ne-exhaust well ifumaneka kumbindi womzimba we-ore, kwaye indlela yokuhamba yomoya ophantsi komhlaba iguqulwa, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 3-7.
inkqubo yokungenisa umoya ephakathi
Uyilo olusembindini luneenzuzo zeendleko ezincinci zeziseko ezingundoqo, ukuveliswa ngokukhawuleza, isakhiwo somhlaba esiphakathi, ulawulo olulula, umsebenzi wobunzulu be-shaft ofanelekileyo, kulula ukufezekisa ukulwa nomoya. Uyilo olusembindini lusetyenziswa ikakhulu kwimigodi yemizimba ekrwada elaminethiweyo.
② Idiagonal
Kwishafti yomoya kwiphiko lomzimba wentsimbi ekrwada, ishafti yokukhupha kwelinye iphiko lomzimba wentsimbi ekrwada, ebizwa ngokuba yi-single wing diagonal, njengoko kubonisiwe kumfanekiso 3-8 kwishafti yomoya embindini womzimba wentsimbi ekrwada, ishafti yomoya yokubuyela ngaphakathi. Amaphiko amabini, abizwa ngokuba ngamaphiko amabini anediagonal, njengoko kubonisiwe kumfanekiso 3-9 xa umzimba wentsimbi umude kakhulu, kwishafti yomoya kunye neshafti yokukhupha ecaleni kwendlela yokuphumla okanye ubukhulu bomzimba wentsimbi ekrwada, kwishafti yomoya, ishafti yokukhupha intsimbi ejikeleze intsimbi ekrwada. uyilo lomzimba, olubizwa ngokuba luhlobo lwe diagonal yesithuba. Kwi-ventilation ye-diagonal, indlela yokuhamba komoya emigodini ngokuthe ngqo.
I-single-wing ye-diagonal ventilation shaft
Ukucwangciswa kwe-diagonal kuneenzuzo zomgca womoya omfutshane, ukulahleka koxinzelelo lomoya omncinci, ukuvuza komoya okuncinci, uxinzelelo lomoya oluzinzileyo ngexesha lokuvelisa umgodi, ukusabalalisa umthamo womoya ofanayo, kunye nomgama omde ukusuka kwindawo yoshishino. Imodi yokubeka i-diagonal isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimigodi yesinyithi.
③ Uhlobo oluphakathi lwediagonal lokuxuba
Xa umzimba we-ore ude kwaye uluhlu lwemigodi lubanzi, uphuhliso oluphakathi, lunokulungiswa kumbindi womzimba we-ore, ukusombulula umoya we-ore ore womzimba wemigodi kwi-exhaust shaft kumaphiko amabini omgodi, Sombulula umoya we-remote ore body mining, wonke umzimba we-ore unembindi kunye ne-diagonal, yenza i-diagonal ephakathi exutywe.
Nangona iifom zelungiselelo lokungena komoya kakuhle kunye nokukhupha kakuhle kunokushwankathelwa njengezi ntlobo zingasentla, ngenxa yeemeko ezintsonkothileyo ezenzeka emzimbeni we-ore kunye nokuxhaphazwa okwahlukeneyo kunye neendlela zokumbiwa kwemigodi, kuyilo kunye nokusebenza kwemveliso, ulungelelwaniso kufuneka lwenziwe ngokwe iimeko ezithile zomgodi ngamnye, ngaphandle kwemida yezi ntlobo zingentla.
3) Ukuhlelwa ngokwendlela yokusebenza yefeni
Iindlela zokusebenza zefeni ziquka uhlobo loxinzelelo, uhlobo lokukhutshwa kunye nohlobo oluxubileyo.
① Uxinzelelo
Uxinzelelo-kwi-ventilation kukwenza yonke inkqubo yokukhupha umoya ukuba yenze imeko yoxinzelelo olulungileyo ngaphezu koxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric yendawo phantsi kwesenzo somqhubi oyintloko woxinzelelo. Ngenxa yoxinaniso lokuhamba komoya, i-gradient yoxinzelelo oluphezulu kwicandelo lokungena komoya lunokwenza ukuba umoya omtsha uhambe ngokukhawuleza uthunyelwe ngaphantsi komhlaba kunye nendlela ekhethiweyo yokungena komoya, ukuphepha ukungcoliseka kweminye imisebenzi, kwaye umgangatho womoya ulungile.
Ukungalungi koxinzelelo lwe-ventilation yokungena umoya kukuba izixhobo zokulawula ukuhamba komoya ezifana neengcango zomoya kufuneka zibekwe kwicandelo lokungena emoyeni. Ngenxa yokuthutha rhoqo kunye nabahamba ngeenyawo, akulula ukulawula nokulawula, kwaye emazantsi equla kunokuvuza okukhulu komoya. I-gradient yoxinzelelo oluphantsi lwenziwa kwi-ventilator ephambili kwicandelo lokukhupha, kwaye umoya ongcolileyo awukwazi ukukhutshwa ngokukhawuleza emoyeni ngokwendlela ekhethiweyo, okwenza ukuhamba komoya ongaphantsi komhlaba kuphazamiseke. Yongeza uphazamiseko lomoya wendalo, nkqu umva komoya, ungcoliseko lwento entsha yomoya.
②Udidi lwangaphandle
I-ventilation ekhuphayo kukwenza yonke inkqubo yokukhupha umoya phantsi kwesenzo somqhubi oyintloko ukwenza uxinzelelo olubi oluphantsi kunoxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric yendawo. Ngenxa yoxinaniso lomoya wokukhupha kunye nomthamo omkhulu wokukhupha umoya, umoya wokukhupha umoya ubangela ukunyanzeliswa koxinzelelo oluphezulu kwicala lomoya wokukhupha, okwenza umoya omdaka womsebenzi ngamnye ukhawuleze ugxininise kumbhobho wokukhupha, kwaye umsi wenkqubo yokukhupha awukho. kulula ukusasazeka kwezinye iindlela, kwaye isantya sokukhupha umsi siyakhawuleza. Olu luncedo olukhulu lokufunxa umoya. Ukongezelela, i-air conditioning kunye nezixhobo zokulawula zifakwe kwi-duct exhaust, musa ukuthintela ukuthuthwa kwabahambi ngeenyawo, ulawulo olufanelekileyo, ulawulo oluthembekileyo.
Ukungalungi kwe-suction ventilation kukuba xa inkqubo yokukhupha i-exhaust ingaqinile, kulula ukubangela isiganeko esifutshane sokufunxa umoya. Ngokukodwa xa indlela yokuwa isetyenziselwa umgodi, indawo ye-subsidence yomhlaba kunye nebhokhwe idibaniswe, le nto inzima kakhulu. Ukongezelela, uxinzelelo lomoya wendawo yokusebenza kunye nenkqubo yokungenisa umoya yonke iphantsi, kwaye indlela yokungenisa umoya yomoya ichaphazeleka kuxinzelelo lwendalo lomoya, olulula ukubuyisela umva, okubangela ukuphazamiseka kokuhamba komoya ongaphantsi komhlaba. Inkqubo yokukhupha umoya we-ventilation yenza ukuphakamisa okuphambili kakuhle kwindawo yokungena emoyeni, kunye nemigodi esenyakatho kufuneka iqwalasele ukuphakanyiswa kakuhle ebusika.
Uninzi lwemigodi yesinyithi kunye neminye engeyiyo yamalahle e-China yamkela umoya otsalweyo.
3) Uxinzelelo kunye nokumpompa umxube
Uxinzelelo-lokumpompa umoya oxubeneyo womoya ulawulwa yifeni ephambili kwicala lokungena kunye necala lokukhupha, ukuze icandelo lokungena kunye necandelo lokukhupha phantsi kwentshukumo yoxinzelelo lomoya oluphezulu kunye noxinzelelo loxinzelelo, ukuhamba komoya ngokwendlela echongiweyo, ukukhupha umsi ngokukhawuleza, ukuvuza komoya kuncitshisiwe, akukho lula ukuphazanyiswa ngumoya wendalo kwaye kubangele umva womoya. I-advanteji yazo zombini imo yoxinzelelo lokuphefumla kunye nemowudi yokufunxa umoya yindlela ebalulekileyo yokuphucula isiphumo sokungena komoya wasemgodini.
Ukungalungi koxinzelelo kunye nokumpompa umoya oxubileyo kukuba kukho izixhobo zokungenisa umoya ezifunekayo, kwaye ukuhamba komoya kwicandelo lomoya akukwazi ukulawulwa. Ukuvuza komoya emazantsi okungena kwequla kunye nommandla wokudilika wecala lokuphuma kusekho, kodwa kuncinci kakhulu.
Xa ukhetha imodi yokungenisa umoya, nokuba umphezulu unendawo yokuwa okanye enye imigudu enzima yokuhlukanisa iziteshi yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Kwimigodi equlethe izinto ezine-radioactive okanye amatye eminerali anomngcipheko wokutsha ozenzekelayo, uhlobo lokumpompa uxinzelelo okanye uhlobo oluxubileyo lokumpompa kufuneka lwamkelwe, kunye nenqanaba lomatshini olawulayo uhlobo olulawulekayo kufuneka lwamkelwe. Kumgodi ongenandawo yokuthotywa komphezulu okanye indawo yokuthomalalisa kodwa unokugcina umbhobho wokuphuma uqinile ngokuzaliswa nokutywinwa, uhlobo lotsalo okanye uhlobo lotsalo ikakhulu ngohlobo lokutsalwa kufuneka lwamkelwe. Kuba imigodi kunye nenani elikhulu leendawo zokuthotywa komphezulu, kunye nemigodi engenakuhlukaniswa ngokulula phakathi kombhobho wokukhupha kunye nebhokhwe, okanye imigodi yavulwa ukusuka kwindawo evulekileyo ukuya kwimigodi ephantsi komhlaba, uxinzelelo oluphambili kunye nokumpompa uhlobo oluxubileyo okanye ezininzi. -Isikhululo somatshini wohlobo olulawulwayo kufuneka samkelwe.
Indawo yofakelo yesixhobo sokungenisa umoya esingundoqo sihlala siphantsi kwaye sinokufakwa phantsi komhlaba. Inzuzo yofakelo kumhlaba kukuba ukufakela, ukulungiswa, ukugcinwa kunye nokulawula kulula ngakumbi kwaye akulula ukonakalisa iintlekele eziphantsi komhlaba. Ukungalungi kukuba ukuvalwa komthombo, isixhobo sokubuyela umva kunye netonela yomoya ineendleko eziphezulu zokwakha kunye nokuvuza komoya omfutshane; xa umgodi unzulu kwaye ubuso bokusebenza bukude kwi-ventilator ephambili, iindleko zokufakela kunye nokwakhiwa ziphezulu. Inzuzo ye-ventilator ephambili efakwe phantsi komhlaba kukuba isixhobo esiphambili sokungenisa umoya sivuza kancinane, ifeni ikufuphi necandelo lomoya, ukuvuza komoya okuncinci endleleni kunokusebenzisa umoya omninzi okanye ukukhupha ngaxeshanye, okunokunciphisa umoya. ukuchasa kwaye utywine kancinci. Ukungalungi kwayo kukuba ukufakela, ukuhlolwa, ulawulo alunamsebenzi, kulula ukonakalisa iintlekele eziphantsi komhlaba.
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Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-31-2023
