Ⅰ. Ukuthutha ukuthutha
1 Ukuphakanyiswa kwam
Ukuphakanyiswa kwemigodi likhonkco lothutho lothutho lwentsimbi ekrwada, inkunkuma yamatye kunye nabasebenzi abafunqulayo, izinto zokufunqula kunye nezixhobo ngezixhobo ezithile. Ngokwezixhobo zokuxhoma zingohlulwa zibe ziindidi ezimbini, enye yeyokuxhoma intambo (ukunyuswa kwentambo), enye kukuxhoma intambo (ezifana neibhanti lokuhambisai-hoisting, i-hydraulic hoisting kunye ne-pneumatic hoisting, njl.njl.), apho ukunyuswa kweentambo zocingo kusetyenziswa kakhulu.
1) Ukwakhiwa kwesixhobo sokuphakamisa umgodi
Awona malungu aphambili esixhobo sokunyusela umgodi sisikhongozelo sokuphakamisa, intambo yocingo yokunyusela, ilifti (kubandakanywa isixhobo sokutsala), iderrick kunye nevili lesibhakabhaka, kunye nokulayishwa kunye nokothula izixhobo ezincedisayo.
2) Ukuhlelwa kwezixhobo zokuphakamisa umgodi
(1) Ngokokuthambekela kwe-shaft, yahlulwe kwisixhobo sokuphakamisa i-shaft kunye nesixhobo sokuphakanyiswa kwe-shaft.
(2) Ngokohlobo lwesikhongozelo sokunyusela, sinokwahlulwa sibe zizixhobo zokuphakamisa ikheji, izixhobo zokutsiba, izixhobo zokuxhoma i-skip-cage, izixhobo zokunyusa ibhakethi, kunye nezixhobo zokunyusa iilori zentambo kwi-inclined Wells.
(3) Ngokusetyenziswa kwesixhobo sokunyusela, esona sixhobo siphambili sokuxhoma (esikhethekileyo okanye ubukhulu becala intsimbi ekrwada ekrwada, eyaziwa ngokubanzi njengesona sixhobo siphambili sokunyusela), izixhobo ezincedisayo zokuphakamisa (ukuxhoma inkunkuma yamatye, ukuxhoma abasebenzi, izinto zokuthutha kunye nezixhobo, njl.njl. , ngokubanzi ekwaziwa njengezixhobo ezincedisayo zokuphakamisa kakuhle) kunye nezixhobo ezincedisayo zokunyusela (ezifana ne-patio elevator, ukugcinwa kunye nokuphakanyiswa, njl. njl.).
(4) Ngokohlobo lwesinyusi, sahlulwe saba sisixhobo sokuphakamisa intambo enye (inenyeigubukunye negubu eliphindwe kabini), izixhobo zokuphakamisa iintambo ezininzi ezijikajikayo, izixhobo zokuhombisa intambo enye (ayisaveliswa), kunye nezixhobo zokuphakamisa iintambo ezininzi.
(5) Ngokwenani lezikhongozeli zokuhombisa, zohlulwe zibe zizixhobo zokuphakamisa isikhongozeli esinye (enehamile yokulinganisa) kunye nesixhobo sokuxhoma isikhongozeli esiphindwe kabini.
(6) Ngokwe-balance state ye-hoisting system, yahlulwe kwisixhobo sokunyuswa esingalungelelananga kunye nesixhobo sokunyuswa kwe-static balance.
(7) Ngokohlobo lokutsala, lwahlulwe kwisixhobo sokunyusela i-AC kunye nezixhobo zokunyusa i-DC.
3) Inkqubo yokunyusa
(1) Ukuphakanyiswa kwentambo enye ekujikeni kweshafti
Kwimigodi enobunzulu obungaphantsi kwe-300m kunye nedayamitha yegubu engekho ngaphezulu kwe-3m, kuyacetyiswa ukuba usebenzise inkqubo yokuphakamisa intambo enye. Ukukhetha ikheji okanye ukutsiba njengesikhongozeli sokunyusela yingxaki ebalulekileyo kuyilo, ekufuneka igqitywe ngokuthelekisa imiba eyahlukeneyo (i-multi-rope friction hoisting iyafana).
Ngokuqhelekileyo kuyilo lwenkqubo yokunyusa, iiseti ezimbini zezixhobo zokunyusa zisetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukukhutshwa komgodi kunye nokugqiba eminye imisebenzi yokuphakamisa. Iqula eliphambili kukutsiba ukuphakamisa intsimbi ekrwada, kwaye iqula elincedisayo ziikheji ukugqibezela umsebenzi oncedisayo wokunyusa okanye iMigodi ephambili kunye neyoncedo zonke zizikheji. Yeyiphi indlela ekufuneka imiselwe ngokwemiqathango ethile yomgodi ngamnye. Xa imveliso yonyaka yomgodi inkulu, kungcono ukuba kusetyenziswe ukutsiba kwe-shaft engundoqo, i-auxiliary shaft cage xa imveliso yonyaka yomgodi incinane okanye uhlobo lwentsimbi ekrwada lungaphezu kweentlobo ezimbini, okanye intsimbi ayifanelekanga ukuba nayo. ityunyuziwe, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-cage.
Xa i-multi-level inyuswa, i-balance hammer yekheji enye idla ngokusetyenziselwa ukwandisa emigodini apho isivuno asisikhulu kakhulu kwaye inqanaba lokuphucula lingaphezulu, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha iiseti ezimbini ze-balance hammer cage enye zisetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa isivuno.
Kwimigodi enemveliso encinci yonyaka, iseti yezixhobo zokunyusa ikheji ingasetyenziselwa ukugqiba yonke imisebenzi yokuphakamisa. Oku kuyinyani kwimigodi yentsimbi engeyiyo i-ferrous, imigodi engeyiyo eyentsimbi kunye nemigodi yemizi-mveliso yenyukliya e-China.
(2) I-Shaft ye-friction hoisting yeentambo ezininzi
I-elevator yeentambo ezininzi ineenzuzo ezininzi. Ngoko ke, ukongeza kwisinyusi sokukhuhlana seentambo ezininzi xa ubunzulu bequla bungaphezulu kwe-300m endaweni yedayamitha yegubu ngaphezu kwe-3m, ilifti encinane eneentambo ezininzi ezihexayo zinokusetyenziselwa ukutshintsha ilifti enentambo enye enegubu. ububanzi obungaphantsi kwe-3m.
Kuba kunzima ukunyenyisa ubude bentambo yocingo, ukunyuswa kwesikhongozeli esiphindwe kabini kufanelekile kuphela kwinqanaba elinye lemveliso. Ngelo xesha, ngenxa yempembelelo yokuguqulwa kwentambo yokuphakamisa intambo, inkqubo yokunyusa i-container ephindwe kabini inokuqinisekisa kuphela indawo yokupaka echanekileyo ye-wellhead ekusebenzeni, kwaye isitya esisezantsi equleni sipakwe indawo echanekileyo (kwi-skip hoisting, ukuchaneka kwendawo yokupaka akungqongqo).
Inkqubo yokunyuswa kwehamile yesikhongozeli esinye ifaneleke ngokukodwa kwimigodi yokunyusela yamanqanaba amaninzi. Kwaye ibhalansi yokunyuswa kwehamile kunokuphucula ukusebenza kweskid ye-multi-rope friction hoisting system. Ngaphezu koko, inkqubo yokuphakamisa isikhongozeli esisodwa ayichatshazelwa kukuguqulwa kwentambo yocingo, enokuqinisekisa indawo yokupaka echanekileyo kuwo onke amanqanaba emveliso, ngoko isetyenziswa ngakumbi. Ukuphucula amanqanaba amaninzi kunye neentlobo ze-ore ezingaphezu kwembini, iiseti ezimbini zesixhobo sokuxhoma isikhongozeli esinye kunye neseti enye yesikhongozeli esinye ngokweemfuno zemveliso ethile kunye nenqanaba lemveliso.
(3) Ukunyuswa kweshafu ethambekileyo
Ukunyuswa kwe-shaft ethathiweyo kuneenzuzo zokwakha ngokukhawuleza kunye notyalo-mali oluncinci. Ukungalungi kwayo kukuba isantya sokuphakamisa siyacotha, ngakumbi xa ubude obuthambekele bukhulu, umthamo wokuvelisa umncinci, ukunxiba kweentambo zocingo kukhulu, kunye neendleko zokulondolozwa kwequla liphezulu. Ke ngoko, ukunyuswa kwe-shaft ethambekeleyo kusetyenziswa kakhulu kwimigodi emincinci naphakathi (ngaphandle kokunyuswa kwebhanti yokuhambisa).
I-hoisting yahlulwe yaba ziindidi ezimbini: ihuku enye kunye ne-double hook. Iinzuzo zokuphucula iyunithi ye-hook enye ye-mining mining icandelo elincinci le-shaft, utyalo-mali oluncinci, iindleko zokugcinwa okuphantsi kunye nokuphucula amanqanaba amaninzi. Ukungalungi amandla okuvelisa aphantsi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu. Iingenelo zokuphucula izithuthi zemigodi ye-double hook yimveliso enkulu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla amancinci, njengecandelo le-shaft enkulu, ukulayishwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kunye nokukhuphela intsimi, utyalo-mali olungaphezulu, olungahambelani nokuphucula amanqanaba amaninzi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa isithuthi se-hook esisodwa sisetyenziselwa ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokuvelisa, iyunithi ye-hook ephindwe kabini ayisetyenziswanga.
Ngenxa yotyalo-mali olukhulu kunye nexesha elide lokwakha, xa i-shaft inclination inclination ingaphantsi kwe-28 °, iqela leemoto zemigodi kufuneka lamkelwe ngokusemandleni. Nangona kunjalo, isantya esivumelekileyo se-inclined shaft skip hoisting sikhulu kwaye ixesha lokupaka lifutshane. Ke ngoko, kumgodi kunye nemveliso enkulu yonyaka, akukho bukhulu be-Angle yokuthambekela. Nangona kunjalo, xa ukuthambekela kungaphantsi kwe-18 °, i-conveyor yebhanti ingasetyenziswa.
4) Ukubuyiswa kwe powder yamaminerali
I-shaft skip hoisting kungenxa yokuzaliswa kwentsimbi ekrwada, ukugcwaliswa kwentsimbi ekrwada okanye ukuvuza kwamanzi entsimbi ekrwada, intsimbi ekrwada ecolekileyo okanye udaka kunye nokuxubana kwamanzi, kwaye ivuza emazantsi equla ngomsantsa wesango, yenze isixa esikhulu sodaka. , okubangela ukuqokelelana kwentsimbi ekrwada emazantsi equla. Ukongezelela ekuthatheni amanyathelo asebenzayo okunciphisa umthombo wentsimbi ekrwada entle, kufuneka kuyilwe izixhobo zokubuyisela intsimbi ekrwada. Iindlela zokubuyisela umgubo ocoliweyo jikelele zineentlobo ezininzi zilandelayo.
(1) Ukusebenzisa umzantsi wequla njengepowder bunker, ukususela kwelona nqanaba lisezantsi lokukhutshwa kwe-shaft, yomba indlela nge-cage mine shaft encinci) emazantsi e-skip well. Emva kokuba i-powder ilayishwe kakuhle ngesango le-funnel, iphakanyiswe kwaye ikhutshwe yi-cage encinci (okanye encinci inclined well) kwi-skip bunker.
(2) Xa iqula elixutyiweyo lamkelwa, indawo yokugcina intsimbi engumgubo ibekwe kwicala elingezantsi lomthombo, ukusuka kwikheji yetanki esezantsi ukuya kwinqwelo-mafutha, kwaye idityaniswe nezibuko lokulayishwa kwendawo yokugcina intsimbi engumgubo kunye nomjelo osecaleni. Emva kokuba i-powder ore ilayishiwe, itanki iyaphakanyiswa, yothulwe kwindawo yokugcina imigodi ye-skip okanye iphakamise ngokuthe ngqo umphezulu.
(3) Xa iqula eliphambili nelincedisayo likufuphi, iqula elincedisayo likwinqanaba elinye ngaphambili. Emva kokuba intsimbi ekrwada ecolekileyo ilayishiwe ukusuka kwindawo yokugcina umgubo osezantsi wequla elikhulu, ishafti encedisayo iyaphakanyiswa kwaye yothulwe kwindawo yokugcina umgodi wokutsiba, okanye iwunyuse ngokuthe ngqo umphezulu.
Phakathi kwezi ndlela zintathu zingasentla, indlela yokuqala inowona mlinganiselo mkhulu wophuhliso kwaye ulawulo alufanelekanga, kodwa lunokunqanda ukungeloncedo lokusebenzisa intambo yomsila elungeleleneyo okanye intambo yetanki yentambo xa intambo yomsila okanye intambo yetanki idlula kumgubo. bunker kwiindlela ezimbini zokugqibela.
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Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-03-2023
