Ukutshintsha kwemozulu yenye yeyona mingcipheko ibalulekileyo yehlabathi ejongene noluntu lwethu lwanamhlanje. Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kunempembelelo esisigxina kunye neyingozi kwindlela esiyisebenzisa ngayo kunye nemveliso, kodwa kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yehlabathi, utshintsho lwemozulu lwahluke kakhulu. Nangona igalelo lembali lamazwe angaphuhliswanga kakuhle kwezoqoqosho ekukhutshweni kwekhabhoni yehlabathi liyinto engekhoyo, la mazwe sele ethwele iindleko eziphezulu zokutshintsha kwemozulu, okucacayo ukuba azilingani. Iziganeko zemozulu ezigqithisileyo zineempembelelo ezimbi, ezifana nembalela enzima, imozulu eshushu kakhulu, izikhukhula ezitshabalalisayo, inani elikhulu leembacu, izoyikiso ezinzulu kukhuseleko lokutya kwihlabathi kunye neempembelelo ezingenakulungiseka kumhlaba namanzi. Imeko yemozulu engaqhelekanga njengo-El Nino iya kuqhubeka isenzeka kwaye ibe mandundu ngakumbi.
Ngokufanayo, ngenxa yokutshintsha kwemozulu, iishishini lezemigodiikwajongene nezinto ezinobungozi obuphezulu. Ngenxa yokubaimigodikunye nemimandla yemveliso yeeprojekthi ezininzi zophuhliso lwemigodi zijongene nomngcipheko wokutshintsha kwemozulu, kwaye ziya kuba sesichengeni ngakumbi phantsi kweempembelelo eziqhubekayo zeziganeko zemozulu ezimbi. Umzekelo, iimeko zemozulu ezimandundu zinokuchaphazela uzinzo lwamadama eentsalela zezimbiwa kwaye zenze mandundu ukwenzeka kweengozi zokuqhekeka kwamadama.
Ukongeza, ukwenzeka kwezehlo zemozulu ezigqithisileyo kunye nokutshintsha kweemeko zemozulu nako kukhokelela kwingxaki enkulu yokubonelela ngamanzi ehlabathi. Ubonelelo ngemithombo yamanzi ayiyondlela ibalulekileyo nje yokwenza imveliso kwimisebenzi yasemigodini, kodwa ikwangumthombo wokuphila oyimfuneko kubahlali basekuhlaleni kwimimandla yemigodi. Kuqikelelwa ukuba umlinganiselo omkhulu wobhedu, igolide, intsimbi, kunye neendawo ezityebileyo ze-zinc (30-50%) zinqongophele ngamanzi, kwaye isinye kwisithathu semimandla yemigodi yegolide nobhedu yehlabathi inokuphinda ibone umngcipheko wabo wamanzi wexesha elifutshane ngokuphindwe kabini. 2030, ngokwe-S & P Global Assessment. Umngcipheko wamanzi unzima kakhulu eMexico. EMexico, apho iiprojekthi zemigodi zikhuphisana noluntu lwasekuhlaleni malunga nemithombo yamanzi kunye neendleko zokusebenza kwemigodi ziphezulu, ukuxhatshazwa kobudlelwane obuphezulu noluntu kunokuba nefuthe elibi kakhulu kwimisebenzi yemigodi.
Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemeko ezahlukeneyo zomngcipheko, ishishini lemigodi lifuna imodeli ezinzileyo yemveliso yemigodi. Esi ayisosicwangciso sokuthintela umngcipheko kuphela esiluncedo kumashishini asezimayini nakubatyali-mali, kodwa yindlela yokuziphatha enoxanduva loluntu. Oku kuthetha ukuba amashishini ezimayini kufuneka andise utyalo-mali lwawo kwizisombululo zobuchwepheshe ezizinzileyo, ezinjengokunciphisa imiba yomngcipheko kunikezelo lwamanzi, kunye nokwandisa utyalo-mali ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kushishino lwemigodi. Iishishini lezemigodikulindeleke ukuba ikhulise kakhulu utyalo-mali lwayo kwizisombululo zobugcisa zokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni, ngokukodwa kwimimandla yezithuthi zombane, iteknoloji yephaneli yelanga kunye neenkqubo zokugcina amandla ebhetri.
Ishishini lemigodi lidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuveliseni izixhobo ezifunekayo ukumelana nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Enyanisweni, ihlabathi likwinkqubo yokutshintshela kuluntu lwekhabhoni ephantsi kwixesha elizayo, elifuna isixa esikhulu semithombo yezimbiwa. Ukuze kufezekiswe iinjongo zokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ezibekwe yiSivumelwano saseParis, amandla okuvelisa imveliso yehlabathi yobuchwepheshe obuphantsi bekhabhoni ekhutshwayo, njengee-injini zomoya, izixhobo zokuvelisa amandla elanga ephotovoltaic, izixhobo zokugcina amandla kunye nezithuthi zombane, ziya kuphuculwa kakhulu. Ngokutsho koqikelelo lweBhanki yehlabathi, ukuveliswa kwehlabathi kwezi teknoloji zekhabhoni ephantsi kuya kufuna ngaphezu kwe-3 yeebhiliyoni zeetoni zemithombo yezimbiwa kunye nemithombo yesinyithi kwi-2020. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye zemithombo yezimbiwa eyaziwa ngokuba "izixhobo eziphambili", ezifana igraphite, i-lithium kunye ne-cobalt, zinokonyusa imveliso yehlabathi phantse ngokuphindwe kahlanu ngo-2050, ukuze kuhlangatyezwane nemfuno ekhulayo yemithombo yobuchwepheshe bamandla acocekileyo. Ezi ziindaba ezilungileyo kushishino lwezimayini, kuba ukuba ishishini lezimayini lingamkela le ndlela yokuvelisa imigodi ezinzileyo engentla ngaxeshanye, ngoko ke ishishini liya kwenza igalelo eliqinisekileyo ekuphunyezweni kwenjongo yophuhliso lwexesha elizayo lwehlabathi lokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo.
Amazwe asaphuhlayo avelise isixa esikhulu semithombo yezimbiwa efunekayo kwinguqu yehlabathi enekhabhoni ephantsi. Ngokwembali, amazwe amaninzi avelisa ubutyebi bezimbiwa aye athwaxwa sisiqalekiso sobutyebi, kuba la mazwe athembele kakhulu kwintlawulo yamalungelo emigodi, irhafu yemithombo yezimbiwa kunye nokuthunyelwa kwemveliso yezimbiwa ekrwada kumazwe angaphandle, nto leyo echaphazela indlela yophuhliso yelizwe. Ikamva elinempumelelo nelizinzileyo elifunwa libutho labantu lifuna ukwaphula isiqalekiso sobutyebi bezimbiwa. Kungale ndlela kuphela apho amazwe asakhulayo anokuthi alungele ngcono ukuqhelana nokusabela kutshintsho lwemozulu yehlabathi.
Imephu yendlela yokuphumeza le njongo kukuba amazwe asaphuhlayo anezibonelelo eziphezulu zezibonelelo zezimbiwa akhawulezise amanyathelo ahambelanayo ukunyusa umthamo wekhonkco lexabiso lengingqi kunye nommandla. Oku kubalulekile ngeendlela ezininzi. Okokuqala, uphuhliso lwamashishini ludala ubutyebi kwaye ngaloo ndlela lubonelela ngenkxaso yemali eyaneleyo yokuqhelana nokunciphisa utshintsho lwemozulu kumazwe asakhasayo. Okwesibini, ukuphepha impembelelo yenguqu yamandla yehlabathi, ihlabathi aliyi kusombulula utshintsho lwemozulu ngokulula nje ngokususa iseti yobuchwepheshe bamandla ngenye. Okwangoku, isixokelelwano sobonelelo lwehlabathi sisahleli sisikhululo sokukhupha irhasi yegreenhouse, xa kujongwa ukusetyenziswa okuphezulu kwamandla e-fossil licandelo lezothutho lamazwe ngamazwe. Ke ngoko, ukwenziwa kwasekhaya kobugcisa bamandla ohlaza obukhutshiweyo kwaye buveliswe lishishini lezemigodi kuya kunceda ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi yegreenhouse ngokusondeza isiseko sobonelelo lwamandla ohlaza kufutshane nomgodi. Okwesithathu, amazwe asakhulayo aya kukwazi ukwamkela izisombululo zamandla ohlaza kuphela ukuba iindleko zokuvelisa amandla ohlaza ziyancitshiswa ukuze abantu bakwazi ukusebenzisa ubugcisa obunjalo obuluhlaza ngexabiso elifikelelekayo. Kumazwe kunye nemimandla apho iindleko zemveliso ziphantsi, izikimu zemveliso zasekhaya ezinobuchwepheshe bamandla ohlaza zinokuba yinto efanelekileyo yokuqwalaselwa.
Njengoko kugxininiswe kweli nqaku, kwiinkalo ezininzi, ishishini lezemigodi kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu zidibaniswe ngokungenakuphikiswa. Ishishini lemigodi lidlala indima ebalulekileyo. Ukuba sifuna ukuphepha ezona zinto zimbi, sifanele senze okuthile ngokukhawuleza. Nokuba imidla, amathuba kunye nezinto eziphambili kuwo onke amaqela awanelisi, ngamanye amaxesha ade athandeke kwaphela, abenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo karhulumente kunye neenkokheli zoshishino azinandlela yimbi ngaphandle kokulungelelanisa izenzo kwaye zizame ukufumana izisombululo ezisebenzayo ezamkelekileyo kuwo onke amaqela. Kodwa ngoku, isantya senkqubela sicotha kakhulu, kwaye asizimiseli ngokuqinileyo ekufikeleleni olu sukelo. Okwangoku, ukuqulunqwa kwesicwangciso sezicwangciso ezininzi zokusabela kwimozulu kuqhutywa ngoorhulumente belizwe kwaye iye yaba sisixhobo se-geopolitical. Ngokubhekiselele ekufezekiseni iinjongo zokusabela kwemozulu, kukho ukungafani okucacileyo kwizinto ezinomdla kunye neemfuno zamazwe ahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, indlela yesakhelo sokuphendula kwemozulu, ngakumbi imigaqo yolawulo lwezorhwebo kunye notyalo-mali, ibonakala ichasene ngokupheleleyo neenjongo zokusabela kwemozulu.
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Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-16-2023
