2 Kufambisa pasi pevhu
1) Kurongeka kwekufambisa kwepasi
Kufambisa kwepasi pevhu chinhu chakakosha mukuchera uye kugadzirwa kwesimbi yepasi pevhu uye isiri-metal ore, uye chiyero chebasa chayo chinosanganisira stope transport uye nzira yekufambisa. Ndiyo nzira yekufambisa yekuenderera mberi kumira, tunneling face uye yepasi pevhu yekuchengetera zvicherwa, kuzadza nzvimbo yemugodhi kana nzvimbo yekuchengetera zvimbambaira uye nzvimbo yemarara dombo. Stope transport inosanganisira gravity self transport, electric rake transport transport, trackless equipment transport (foshoro yekufambisa, loading machine or migodhi mota), vibration mining machine transport uye explosive force transport, etc. mugwagwa, kureva kuti, nzira yekufambisa pakati pechiteshi chekumira, patio yekumira kana mugwagwa uri pazasi peinotsvedza zvakanaka kune yepasi pevhu yekuchengetedza bhini (kana adit yekupinda).
Kurongeka kwezvifambiso zvepasi pevhu zvinoenderana nemaitiro ekufambisa uye midziyo yekufambisa inoratidzwa muTafura 3-4.
Kurongwa kwekutakura kwepasi
Kuti uve nechokwadi chekushanda kwakajairwa uye kunoshanda kwekufambisa kwepasi, michina yekubatsira yekufambisa inodiwa.
2)Underground transportation system
Iyo yekufambisa sisitimu uye nzira yekufambisa yemugodhi wepasi pevhu kazhinji inotemerwa mukuvandudza nekugadzirwa kweore deposits. Misimboti yakatemerwa inofanirwa kutarisisa mamiriro ekuitika kwedhipoziti, sisitimu yekusimudzira, nzira yezvicherwa, chiyero chemigodhi, hupenyu hwebasa rekugadzira, mamiriro ekusimudzira emidziyo yekufambisa uye nedanho rekutungamira rebhizinesi. Inofanirwa kuve yepamusoro uye yakavimbika mune tekinoroji, inonzwisisika uye inobatsira muhupfumi, yakachengeteka mukushanda, yakanakira manejimendi, idiki mukushandiswa kwesimba uye kushoma mukudyara.
(1) Chitima chekufambisa
Kufambiswa kwechitima kunowanzo reva kutakurwa kwelocomotive, inova nzira huru yekutakura migodhi yepasi pevhu kumba nekune dzimwe nyika. Kutakura njanji kunonyanya kuumbwa nemotokari dzemigodhi, midziyo yekukwevera uye michina yekubatsira uye mimwe michina, inowanzo umbwa inoshanda yekufambisa sisitimu ine rake ore, kurodha,bhandi conveyorkana midziyo yekufambisa isina trackless, mukugadzira inogona kutakura ore, marara dombo, zvinhu, zvishandiso uye vashandi. Icho chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zvinoronga kugadzirwa uye kuona huwandu hwekugadzira yemugodhi.
Zvakanakira zvekufambisa njanji kushandiswa kwakakura, hukuru hwekugadzira (inotemerwa nehuwandu hwema locomotives), isina muganho wekufambisa chinhambwe, hupfumi hwakanaka, inochinjika kuronga, uye inogona kutakura akasiyana ores parutivi rwebifurcation line. Izvo zvisingabatsiri ndezvokuti kutakurwa kunopindirana, kugadzirwa kwekugadzirwa kunoenderana nesangano rebasa rine zvarinogumira (kazhinji 3 ‰ ~ 5 ‰), uye zvakaoma kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwekufambisa kana mutsetse wakakura.
Kumhanya panjanji ndiyo nzira huru yekutakura yakachinjika kureba. Iyo track gauge yakakamurwa kuita standard gauge uye narrow geji. Muyero wegeji ndeye 1435mm, uye iyo yakamanikana geji yakakamurwa kuita matatu marudzi: 600mm, 762mm uye 900 mm. Zvinoenderana negeji rakasiyana, locomotive inogona kukamurwa kuita standard gauge locomotive uye nhete geji locomotive; zvinoenderana nesimba rakasiyana rinoshandiswa, migodhi locomotive inogona kukamurwa kuita magetsi locomotive, dhiziri locomotive uye steam locomotive. Steam locomotives dzakabviswa, uye dhiziri locomotives anowanzo shandiswa pamusoro pepamusoro. Iyo locomotive yemagetsi inofambiswa nemagetsi emagetsi, zvichienderana nechimiro chemagetsi, iyo locomotive yemagetsi inogona kukamurwa kuita DC yemagetsi locomotive uye AC yemagetsi locomotive, iyo DC yemagetsi locomotive ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa. Ikozvino, kune vakawanda vashandisi vakatanga kushandisa frequency kutendeuka mota mota. Zvinoenderana neyakasiyana magetsi emagetsi modhi, DC yemagetsi locomotive yakakamurwa kuita waya mhando yemagetsi locomotive uye bhatiri yemagetsi locomotive, uye ruzhinji rweasiri emarasha mugodhi wepasi pevhu anoshandiswa muChina waya mhando yemagetsi locomotive.
Iine chimiro chakareruka, mutengo wakaderera, kugadzirisa kuri nyore, hombe yekutakura locomotive, kumhanya kwakanyanya, kushanda kwemagetsi kwakanyanya, mutengo wakaderera wekufambisa, ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa. Izvo zvisingabatsiri ndezvokuti zvigadziriso uye wiring zvivakwa hazvichinjiki zvakakwana; ukuru hwemugwagwa uye kuchengetedzwa kwevanofamba netsoka kunokanganisa spark pakati pe pantograph uye mutsara haubvumirwi mukugadzirwa kwekutanga kwemigodhi yakakomba yegesi, asi nekufamba kwenguva, mari yose yemotokari yakaderera zvikuru kupfuura iyo yemotokari yebhatiri. Iyo DC voltage ndeye 250V uye 550V.
Battery electric motor ibhatiri rekupa magetsi. Bhatiri rinowanzo kuchajwa mugaraji repasi pevhu. Mushure mekunge bhatiri riri pamotokari rinoshandiswa kune imwe nhanho, zvinokurudzirwa kutsiva bhatiri rakabhadharwa. Kubatsira kwerudzi urwu rwemotokari yemagetsi ndeyekuti hapana spark tipping ngozi, inokodzera kushandiswa kwemigodhi yegasi pasina mutsara unodiwa, kushandiswa kuchinjika, kuburitsa kudiki, kusarongeka kwenzira yekufambisa nzira uye nzira yekufambisa yemigwagwa yakakodzera chaizvo. Zvakashata zvayo ndezvekuti kutanga kudyara kwemidziyo yekuchaja ine yakaderera magetsi ekushanda uye yakakwirira yekufambisa mutengo. Kazhinji, iyo mota yewaya inoshandiswa muchikamu chemigodhi, uye nhanho yekusimudzira inogona kushandisa mota yebhatiri kukurira mamiriro ekunze. Munzira yekudzokera mhepo ine gasi rinoputika, haifanirwe kushandiswa, yakakwira sarufa uye yakasikwa njodzi yemoto mugodhi, inoputika-inodzivirira bhatiri mota inofanirwa kushandiswa.
Pamusoro pemhando mbiri dziri pamusoromota dzemagetsi, kune duplex energy emagetsi mota, kunyanya inogona kukamurwa kuita waya —— bhatiri mhando yemagetsi locomotive uye tambo yemhando yemagetsi locomotive. Kune otomatiki charger pabhatiri yemagetsi locomotive, inogona kuvandudza mwero wekushandisa uye kushandisa shanduko. Paunenge uchishanda mumigwagwa yekufambisa, tambo yemagetsi, asi kureba kwekufambisa kwetambo yemagetsi haifaniri kudarika kureba kwetambo.
Internal combustion locomotives haadi mutsara, yakaderera inivhesitimendi, inochinjika kwazvo. Zvisinei, chimiro chacho chakaoma uye gasi rinopisa rinosvibisa mhepo, saka zvakakosha kuisa chigadziro chekuchenesa gasi pachiteshi chekubuda uye kusimbisa mhepo yemugwagwa. Parizvino, migodhi mishoma muChina ndiyo inoshandiswa muchikamu chinofefeterwa nemhepo yeadit surface joint uye kutakura kwepamusoro, uye migodhi yakawanda inoshandiswa mumigodhi yekunze.
Mota dzemigodhi dzinotakura zvicherwa (marara), mota dzevanhu nedzimotokari, mota dzemidziyo, mota dzinoputika, marori emvura, marori emoto uye mota dzehutsanana nedzimwe mota dzakakosha.
(2) Zvifambiso zvisina nzira
Mumakore ekuma1960, nekuvandudzwa kwemidziyo yepasi pevhu isina trackless tekinoroji yepasi pevhu isina trackless migodhi yakagadziridzwawo nekukurumidza.
Mota yemugodhi yepasi pevhu imotokari inozvifambisa yega yakagadzirirwa mugodhi wepasi pevhu. Ndiyo mota huru yekufambisa kuona tekinoroji yezvicherwa isina trackless, uye ine zvakanakira kufamba, kuchinjika, akawanda-simba uye hupfumi. Mota dzemigodhi dzepasi pevhu dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumhando dzese dzemigodhi yepasi ine mamiriro akakodzera ekuwedzerwa migodhi, izvo zvisingangogone kuvandudza kugadzirwa kwevashandi uye kubuda kwemigodhi yepasi, kukurudzira kuenderera mberi kwekuwedzera kwechiyero chekugadzira, asi zvakare shandura maitiro emigodhi, nzira yekuchera. uye tunneling uye nzira dzekufambisa dzemigodhi yakadaro. Kunyanya nekugadzirwa kwemigodhi otomatiki, migodhi yehungwaru nehumwe matekinoroji nemasisitimu mumakore achangopfuura, zvimbambaira zvepasi pevhu zvinofamba zvichienda kwakananga kusingatarisirwi kwemigodhi isina track.
①Mabhenefiti makuru ekufambisa kwemotokari yepasi pevhu ndeokuti
a. Flexible mobility, ine huwandu hwakawanda hwekushandisa, uye hukuru hwekugadzira. Dombo rekumigodhi rechiso chemigodhi rinogona kutakurwa zvakananga kune imwe neimwe nzvimbo yekurodha pasina kufambisa kwepakati, uye vashandi, zvigadzirwa uye zvigadzirwa munzvimbo yekuburitsa zvinogonawo kusvika zvakananga kune yekushanda kumeso pasina kutamiswa.
b. Pasi pemamwe mamiriro, kushandiswa kwekufambisa kwemotokari yepasi pevhu kunogona kuchengetedza zvakafanira michina, simbi uye vashandi.
c. Pamberi pekupedzwa kweseti yakakwana yezvivakwa zve shaft, zvinokwanisika kufambisira mberi uye kufambisa migodhi uye kutakura kwe ore miviri uye sporadic edges.
d. Pasi pemamiriro ehurefu hwekufambisa, iyo yepasi pevhu yekufambisa mota yekufambisa uye zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira zvishoma, izvo zvinogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya kugadzirwa kwevashandi.
②Zvakashata zvekufambisa motokari dzemugodhi pasi pevhu ndezvi:
a. Kunyangwe mota dzepasi pemugodhi dziine gasi rekuchenesa gasi, gasi rinobuda muinjini yedhiziri rinosvibisa mhepo yepasi pevhu, iyo isati yanyatsogadziriswa parizvino. Matanho akadai sekusimbisa ventilation anowanzo shandiswa kuwedzera mutengo wemidziyo yekufemesa.
b. Nekuda kwehurombo husina kunaka hwemugodhi wepasi pevhu, kushandiswa kwematayi kwakakura, uye mutengo wezvimedu unowedzera.
c. Maintenance workload yakakura, inoda vashandi vane hunyanzvi hwekugadzirisa uye yakanyatsoshongedzerwa kugadzirisa workshop.
d. Kuti ufambise kutyaira kwemotokari dzemigodhi dzepasi, saizi yemugwagwa inodiwa yakakura, iyo inowedzera mutengo wekuvandudza.
③ Zvichienzaniswa nemotokari dzepasi dzinozviburitsa, mota dzemugodhi dzepasi dzinowanzo kuve neanotevera maitiro muchimiro:
a. Inogona kuunganidza uye kuunganidza, yakakodzera hombe tsime.
b. Uchishandisa chassis yakatsanangurwa, hydraulic steering, hupamhi hwemuviri wemota idiki, iyo inotenderera radius idiki.
c. Kureba kwemuviri wemota kwakadzikira, kazhinji 2 ~ 3m, iyo inokodzera kushanda munzvimbo yakamanikana uye yakaderera yepasi pevhu, ine yakaderera yepakati yegiravhiti, iyo inowedzera kugona kukwira.
d. Kumhanyisa kwekutyaira kwakadzikira, uye simba rejinjini rayo idiki, nekudaro kuderedza kuburitswa kwemhepo.
(3)Belt conveyortransport
Bhandi conveyor yekufambisa inzira inoenderera yekufambisa, inonyanya kushandiswa kutakura mineral rock, inogona zvakare kutakura zvinhu nevashandi. Iyi modhi yekufambisa ine yakakura kugadzirwa kugona, yakachengeteka uye yakavimbika, yakapusa mashandiro uye yakakwirira degree re automation. Nekushandiswa kwepamusoro tepi tepi, bhandi conveyor yekufambisa ine hunhu hwehurefu hurefu, vhoriyamu yakakura uye kumhanya kwakanyanya, iyo inosangana nezvinodiwa zvekufambisa kwakanaka kwemidziyo yemazuva ano yekumigodhi.
Iko kushandiswa kwebhandi conveyor kutakura mu ore yepasi kunoganhurirwa nedombo guru, traffic volume, nzira yenzira, curve zvichingodaro. Kazhinji, ibwe chete rakapwanyika rakapwanyika ore (risingasviki 350mm) rinogona kutakurwa, uye rinongokodzera kushandiswa nehukuru hukuru, diki nzira yenzira, uye isina macurves.
Yekufambisa yepasi pevhu bhandi rekutakura rinogona kukamurwa kuita: ① stope bhandi conveyor yekufambisa zvinoenderana nenzvimbo yekushandisa uye inopedzwa mabasa ekufambisa, ayo anogashira uye anotakura matombo emamineral kubva kumigodhi inoshanda kumeso. kana mamwe mabhandi ekutakura.③ Huru bhandi rekutakura rekutakura, rinotakura dombo rose remugodhi wepasi pevhu, kusanganisira bhandi rekutakura kumusoro kwebhandi rekutakura.
Belt conveyor inogona kukamurwa kuita yakakosha uye yakakosha mhando zvichienderana neiyo yekutanga chimiro, uye yekutanga mhando yakakamurwa kuita flat uye groove chimiro. Parizvino, mumiriri akakosha bhandi conveyor ane yakadzika groove bhandi conveyor, corrugated kumucheto bhandi conveyor, muenzaniso bhandi conveyor, tubular bhandi conveyor, mhepo cushion bhandi conveyor, kumanikidzwa bhandi conveyor, kukotama bhandi conveyor uye zvichingodaro.
Bhandi conveyor yekufambisa inoziva kuenderera kwemaitiro ekufambisa zvinhu. Kana ichienzaniswa nemimwe michina yekufambisa, ine hunhu hunotevera:
① kutakura simba. Iyo yakanyanya kugona yemukati bhandi conveyor yasvika 8400t / h, uye huwandu hwepamusoro hwekunze bhandi conveyor hwasvika 37500t / h.
②Kuendesa kure kure. Chero bedzi paine bhandi rakasimba rakakwana, kubva pakuona kwehunyanzvi, mutakuri webhanhire munzvimbo yekutapurirana haina kuganhurirwa. Iyo imwechete kureba kwemukati bhandi conveyor yasvika 15.84km.
③Kuchinjika kwakasimba kwenzvimbo. Bhandi rinotakura rinogona kuchinjika kune nzvimbo kubva kune yakadzikama curve yenzvimbo uye yakachinjika ndege, kuitira kuti ideredze epakati zvinongedzo senge chiteshi chekufambisa uye kuderedza mari yezvivakwa, kuitira kudzivirira kukanganiswa kwemigwagwa, njanji, makomo, nzizi. , nzizi nemaguta kubva muchadenga kana ndege.
④Chimiro chakareruka, chakachengeteka uye chakavimbika. Kuvimbika kwebhandi conveyor yakave yakasimbiswa neakawanda maapplication mumunda weindasitiri.
⑤Mari yekushandisa yakaderera. Iyo nguva yeawa uye kushandiswa kwesimba pane imwe unit yekutakura yebhandi conveyor system kazhinji ndiyo yakaderera pakati pese mota yakawanda yezvinhu kana michina, uye kugadzirisa kuri nyore uye nekukurumidza.
⑥ High degree of automation. Belt conveyor conveyor process iri nyore, magetsi emidziyo yekuisa, yakakwirira kutonga, nyore kuwana otomatiki.
⑦ Hune hunhu hwekuderera mwero wemamiriro ekunze uye hupenyu hurefu.
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Nguva yekutumira: Mar-16-2023
