Ⅰ. Gutwara abantu
1 Kuzamura amabuye y'agaciro
Kuzamura amabuye y'agaciro ni ihuriro ryo gutwara amabuye y'agaciro, amabuye y’imyanda hamwe n’abakozi bazamura, ibikoresho byo kuzamura ibikoresho hamwe nibikoresho bimwe. Ukurikije ibikoresho byo kuzamura bishobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri, kimwe ni ukuzamura umugozi (guterura umugozi), ikindi ni ukuzamura umugozi (nkaumukandarakuzamura, kuzamura hydraulic no kuzamura pneumatike, nibindi), muribyo kuzamura umugozi winsinga.
1) Ibigize ibikoresho byo kuzamura ibirombe
Ibice byingenzi bigize ibikoresho byo kuzamura ibirombe ni ukuzamura kontineri, kuzamura umugozi winsinga, lift (harimo igikoresho gikurura), derrick hamwe n’uruziga rwo mu kirere, hamwe no gupakira no gupakurura ibikoresho bifasha.
2) Gutondekanya ibikoresho byo kuzamura amabuye y'agaciro
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. , mubisanzwe bizwi kandi nkibikoresho bifasha kuzamura ibikoresho) hamwe nibikoresho byo kuzamura bifasha (nka lift ya patio, kubungabunga no kuzamura, nibindi).
(4) Ukurikije ubwoko bwo kuzamura, igabanijwemo ibikoresho byo kuzamura umugozi umwe (bifite ingaragu)ingoman'ingoma ebyiri), ibikoresho byo kuzamura imigozi myinshi, ibikoresho byo kuzamura umugozi umwe (bitagikora), nibikoresho byo kuzamura imigozi myinshi.
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(7) Ukurikije ubwoko bwo gukurura, igabanijwemo ibikoresho byo kuzamura AC n'ibikoresho byo kuzamura DC.
3) Sisitemu yo kuzamura
(1) Kuzamura umugozi umwe uzunguruka uruziga
Ku birombe bifite ubujyakuzimu butarenze 300m na diametre yingoma itarenze 3m, birasabwa ko hajyaho uburyo bumwe bwo kuzamura umugozi. Guhitamo akazu cyangwa gusimbuka nkigikoresho cyo kuzamura nikibazo cyingenzi mugushushanya, bigomba kugenwa no kugereranya ibintu bitandukanye (kuzamura imigozi myinshi yo guterana ni kimwe).
Mubisanzwe mugushushanya sisitemu yo kuzamura, ibice bibiri byibikoresho byo kuzamura bikoreshwa kugirango ibisasu bisohore kandi birangize indi mirimo yo guterura. Iriba nyamukuru ni ugusimbuka kuzamura ubutare, kandi iriba ryabafasha ni akazu kugirango urangize umurimo wo kuzamura ubufasha cyangwa Iriba rikuru nifasha Iriba byose ni kage. Nubuhe buryo bugomba kugenwa ukurikije imiterere yihariye ya buri kirombe. Iyo umusaruro wumwaka wa kirombe ari munini, nibyiza gukoresha skip nkuru nkuru, akazu ka shaft yingoboka mugihe umusaruro wumwaka wa kirombe ari muto cyangwa ubwoko bwamabuye arenze ubwoko bubiri, cyangwa ubutare ntibukwiriye kuba kumenagura, nibyiza gukoresha akazu.
Iyo urwego rwinshi rwiyongereye, kuringaniza inyundo isanduku imwe isanzwe ikoreshwa mukwiyongera mu birombe aho umusaruro utaba munini cyane kandi urwego rwo kunoza ni rwinshi, kandi rimwe na rimwe hakoreshwa ibice bibiri byingana n’inyundo imwe kugira ngo umusaruro ube mwiza.
Ibirombe bifite umusaruro muto cyane wumwaka, urutonde rwibikoresho byo kuzamura akazu birashobora gukoreshwa kugirango urangize imirimo yose yo guterura. Ibi ni ukuri ku birombe byinshi bidafite fer, ibirombe bidafite ubutare na minisiteri y’inganda za kirimbuzi mu Bushinwa.
(2) Shaft kuzamura imigozi myinshi
Inzitizi yo guteranya imigozi myinshi ifite ibyiza byinshi. Kubwibyo, usibye kuzamura umugozi wimigozi myinshi mugihe ubujyakuzimu bwikirenga burenga 300m aho kuba diameter yingoma irenga 3m, icyuma gito gishobora guteranya umugozi umwe nacyo gishobora gusimbuzwa icyuma gifata umugozi umwe hamwe ningoma diameter munsi ya 3m.
Kubera ko bigoye guhindura uburebure bwumugozi, kuzamura ibintu bibiri bikwiranye gusa nurwego rumwe. Muri icyo gihe, kubera ingaruka zo guhindura umugozi wo guterura umugozi, sisitemu yo kuzamura kontineri ebyiri irashobora gusa kwemeza guhagarara neza kwiziba mubikorwa nyirizina, kandi kontineri iri munsi yiziba ihagaze muri imyanya nyayo (kuri skip kuzamura, ukuri kwa parikingi ntabwo gukomera).
Sisitemu imwe yo kuringaniza inyundo sisitemu irakenewe cyane cyane kubirombe byinshi byo kuzamura. Kuringaniza inyundo birashobora kunoza imikorere ya skid ya sisitemu yo kuzamura imigozi myinshi. Byongeye kandi, sisitemu imwe yo kuzamura kontineri ntabwo ihindurwa no guhindura umugozi winsinga, ishobora kwemeza guhagarara neza kurwego rwose, bityo ikoreshwa cyane. Kugirango utezimbere urwego rwinshi hamwe nubwoko burenze bubiri bwamabuye y'agaciro, ibice bibiri byibikoresho byo kuzamura ibikoresho hamwe nicyuma kimwe cya kontineri ukurikije ibikenerwa byumusaruro wihariye nu musaruro.
(3) Kuzamura uruzitiro
Gutezimbere shaft ifite inyungu zo kubaka byihuse no gushora imari mike. Ikibi cyacyo nuko umuvuduko wo kuzamura utinda, cyane cyane iyo uburebure bugoramye ari bunini, ubushobozi bwo kubyaza umusaruro ni buto, kwambara umugozi winsinga ni binini, kandi amafaranga yo gufata neza amariba ni menshi. Kubwibyo rero, kuzamura uruzitiro rukoreshwa cyane mu birombe bito n'ibiciriritse (usibye kuzamura umukandara).
Kuzamura bigabanijwemo ubwoko bubiri: icyuma kimwe hamwe. Ibyiza byo guteza imbere ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro ni igice gito cya shaft, ishoramari rito, igiciro gito cyo kubungabunga no korohereza urwego rwinshi. Ibibi ni ubushobozi buke bwo gukora no gukoresha ingufu nyinshi. Ibyiza byo kunoza ibinyabiziga byikubye kabiri nibisohoka nini nogukoresha ingufu nkeya, nkigice kinini cya shaft, umurima wo gupakira no gupakurura, ishoramari ryinshi, ridafasha kuzamura urwego rwinshi. Mubisanzwe, iyo ikinyabiziga kimwe gifatika gikoreshwa kugirango cyuzuze ibisabwa, umusaruro wikubye kabiri ntabwo ukoreshwa.
Bitewe nishoramari rinini nigihe kinini cyubwubatsi, mugihe impengamiro ya shaft ihindagurika iri munsi ya 28 °, itsinda ryimodoka zicukura amabuye y'agaciro rigomba kwakirwa uko bishoboka. Ariko, umuvuduko wemewe wo gusimbuka shaft gusimbuka ni nini kandi igihe cyo guhagarara ni gito. Kubwibyo, mu kirombe hamwe n’ibisohoka binini byumwaka, oya yubunini buringaniye. Ariko, mugihe impengamiro iri munsi ya 18 °, convoyeur irashobora kandi gukoreshwa.
4) Kugarura ifu yubutaka
Kuzamura igiti cya shaft biterwa no kuzuza amabuye, kuzuza amabuye cyangwa amazi yinjira mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, ubutare bwiza cyangwa icyondo n'amazi bivanga, hanyuma bikinjira mu nsi y'iriba unyuze mu cyuho cy'irembo, bigatuma habaho ubwinshi bwinshi. , bikavamo kwirundanya amabuye meza hepfo yiziba. Usibye gufata ingamba zifatika zo kugabanya isoko yamabuye meza, ibikoresho byiza byo kugarura amabuye bigomba gutegurwa. Muri rusange uburyo bwiza bwo gukuramo amabuye y'agaciro afite ubwoko butandukanye bukurikira.
. Ifu nziza imaze gupakirwa n irembo rya feri, iraterurwa ikanapakururwa nakazu gato (cyangwa iriba rito ryegamye) muri skip bunker.
. Amabuye y'ifu amaze gupakirwa, ikigega kiraterurwa, gipakururwa mu bubiko bwa skip mine cyangwa kizamura hejuru.
(3) Iyo Iriba nyamukuru nabafasha iriba ryegereye, iriba ryabafasha ni urwego rumwe imbere yaryo. Nyuma yubutare bwiza bumaze gupakururwa mububiko bwa poro yo munsi yububiko bwiriba ryingenzi, urufunguzo rwabafasha rurazamurwa hanyuma rukapakururwa mububiko bwa skip mine, cyangwa bikazamura hejuru.
Muri ubwo buryo butatu bwavuzwe haruguru, uburyo bwa mbere bufite ubwinshi bwiterambere kandi ubuyobozi ntibworohewe, ariko burashobora kwirinda ingaruka zo gukoresha umugozi uringaniye uringaniye cyangwa umurongo wumugozi wumugozi mugihe umugozi wumurizo cyangwa umugozi wikigega unyuze mubifu bunker muburyo bubiri bwa nyuma.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-03-2023
