Ⅱ Samun iska tawa
A cikin karkashin kasa, sabodahakar ma'adinaiaiki da kuma ma'adinai hadawan abu da iskar shaka da sauran dalilai, da iska abun da ke ciki zai canza, yafi bayyana a matsayin oxygen ragewa, da karuwa mai guba da cutarwa gas, ma'adinai ƙura hadawa, zazzabi, zafi, matsa lamba canji, da dai sauransu Wadannan canje-canje haifar da cutarwa da kuma tasiri a kan kiwon lafiya. da amincin ma'aikata. Don tabbatar da lafiyar ma'aikata da yanayin aiki da ya dace, da tabbatar da tsaro da ci gaba da samarwa, wajibi ne a aika da iska mai kyau daga ƙasa zuwa cikin ƙasa, da kuma fitar da iska mai datti daga ƙarƙashin ƙasa zuwa ƙasa, wanda shine manufar. na samun iska.
1 Tsarin iskar ma'adinai
Domin aika isasshiyar iska mai kyau zuwa fuskar ma'adinan karkashin kasa ta wata hanya da kuma hanya, sannan a lokaci guda don fitar da iska mai datti daga ma'adinan ta wata hanya da hanya, wajibi ne a bukace ma'adinan don samun daidaito. tsarin samun iska.
1) Bisa ga haɗin kai ko yanki na duk ma'adinan
Ma'adinan na zama tsarin samun iska wanda ake kira da iska iri ɗaya. An rarraba mahakar ma'adinai zuwa na'urori masu zaman kansu masu zaman kansu, kuma kowane tsarin yana da nasa mashigan iska, sharar shaye-shaye da kuma iskar iska. Ko da yake akwai haɗin kai tsakanin shaft da hanya, iskar iska ba ta tsoma baki tare da juna kuma suna da zaman kansu da juna, wanda ake kira partition ventilation.
Haɗaɗɗen iska yana da fa'ida ta shaye-shaye mai tattarawa, ƙarancin kayan aikin samun iska da ingantaccen tsarin kulawa. Don ma'adinan da ke da ƙananan ma'adinan ma'adinai da ƴan fita daga saman ƙasa, musamman ma'adinan mai zurfi, yana da kyau a yi amfani da iskar iska ta gaba ɗaya.
Shafi na yanki yana da fa'idodin gajeren hanyar iska, ƙananan Yin ƙarfi, ƙarancin iska, ƙarancin amfani da makamashi, hanyar sadarwa mai sauƙi, mai sauƙin sarrafa iska, yana da fa'ida don rage jerin gurɓataccen iska da rarraba ƙarar iska, kuma yana iya samun sakamako mai kyau na iska. . Sabili da haka, ana amfani da iskar shaka sosai a wasu ma'adanai masu rarrafe da tarwatsa jikin tama ko ma'adinan tare da gawawwakin tama da ƙarin rijiyoyi a saman.
Za a iya raba iskar yankin bisa ga jikin tama,hakar ma'adinaiyanki da matakin mataki.
2) Rarraba bisa ga tsari na mashigar iska mai shiga da sharar iska
Kowane tsarin samun iska ya kamata ya kasance yana da aƙalla ingantaccen rijiyar shigar iska da rijiyar shayewar abin dogaro. Yawancin lokaci ana amfani da rijiyar ɗaga keji a matsayin iska, wasu ma'adanai kuma suna amfani da iska ta musamman. Saboda kwararar iska ta ƙunshi iskar gas mai guba da ƙura mai yawa, rijiyoyin shaye-shaye gabaɗaya na musamman ne.
Dangane da matsayi na dangi na mashigin iska mai shiga da kuma iskar shaye-shaye da kyau, ana iya raba shi zuwa shirye-shirye daban-daban guda uku: tsakiya, diagonal da tsakiyar diagonal gauraye siffofin.
① Tsarin tsakiya
Rijiyar shigar iska da rijiyar shaye-shaye suna tsakiyar tsakiyar ma'adinan, kuma hanyar da iskar ke gudana a karkashin kasa tana juyawa, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na 3-7.
tsakiyar samun iska tsarin
Tsarin tsakiya yana da abũbuwan amfãni na ƙananan farashin kayan aiki, samar da sauri, ginin ƙasa mai mahimmanci, gudanarwa mai sauƙi, aiki mai zurfi mai zurfi, mai sauƙi don cimma nasarar iska. Ana amfani da shimfidar tsakiya mafi yawa don hakar ma'adinan tama.
② Matsakaicin diagonal
A cikin mashin iska a cikin reshen tama, shaft ɗin da ke cikin sauran reshe na jikin tama, wanda ake kira diagonal reshe ɗaya, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin adadi 3-8 zuwa cikin mashin iska a tsakiyar jikin tama, dawowar iska a ciki. fikafikan biyu, wanda ake kira diagonal fuka-fuki biyu, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na 3-9, lokacin da ma'adinin tama ya yi tsayi sosai, a cikin mashin iska da shaft tare da shimfidar tazara ko kauri na jikin tama, cikin mashin iska, sharar da ke kewaye da tama. Tsarin jiki, wanda ake kira nau'in diagonal na tazara. A cikin iskar diagonal, hanyar kwararar iska a cikin ma'adanan tana kai tsaye.
Shaft na iska diagonal mai fuka ɗaya
Shirye-shiryen diagonal yana da fa'idodin gajeriyar layin iska, ƙarancin iskar iska, ƙarancin ɗigon iska, tsayayyen iska yayin samarwa na ma'adanan, rarraba girman iska iri ɗaya, da nesa nesa daga saman masana'antu. Ana amfani da yanayin shimfidar diagonal gabaɗaya a ma'adinan ƙarfe.
③ Nau'in hadawa diagonal na tsakiya
Lokacin da ma'adinin ya yi tsawo kuma ma'adinan yana da fadi, ci gaban tsakiya, za a iya shirya shi a tsakiyar jikin tama, don magance samun iska na ma'adinan ma'adinai na tsakiya a cikin ma'adinan da ke cikin fuka-fuki biyu na ma'adanin. warware samun iska na ma'adinin tama mai nisa, duk jikin tama yana da tsaka-tsaki da diagonal, yana samar da diagonal na tsakiya gauraye.
Ko da yake ana iya taƙaita nau'ikan tsari na rijiyar shigar iska da rijiyar shaye-shaye a matsayin nau'ikan da ke sama, saboda rikice-rikicen yanayi na jikin tama da hanyoyin amfani da ma'adinai daban-daban, a cikin ƙirar ƙira da samarwa, ya kamata a yi tsari bisa ga tsarin. takamaiman yanayi na kowane ma'adinai, ba tare da iyakancewar nau'ikan da ke sama ba.
3) Rarraba bisa ga yanayin aiki na fan
Hanyoyin aiki na fan sun haɗa da nau'in matsa lamba, nau'in cirewa da nau'in gauraye.
① Matsi
Matsa lamba a cikin iska shine don yin dukkan tsarin iska don samar da yanayin matsi mai kyau a sama da yanayin yanayi na gida a ƙarƙashin aikin babban mai matsa lamba. Saboda yawan kwararar iska, matsa lamba mai girma a cikin sashin shigar da iska zai iya sa sabon iska ya aika da sauri zuwa cikin karkashin kasa tare da hanyar da aka keɓe, don guje wa gurɓatar da wasu ayyuka, kuma ingancin iska yana da kyau.
Rashin lahani na samun iska mai matsa lamba shi ne cewa wuraren sarrafa kwararar iska kamar kofofin iska suna buƙatar kasancewa a cikin sashin mashigan iska. Saboda yawan zirga-zirga da masu tafiya a ƙasa, ba shi da sauƙi sarrafawa da sarrafawa, kuma kasan rijiyar yana da yawan zubar da iska. Ana samar da ƙananan matsa lamba a cikin babban injin iska a cikin sashin shaye-shaye, kuma ba za a iya fitar da iska mai datti da sauri daga iskar da kyau bisa ga hanyar da aka tsara ba, yana sa iskan da ke ƙarƙashin ƙasa ya lalace. Ƙara tsangwama na iskar yanayi, har ma da jujjuyawar iska, gurɓataccen sabon yanayin iska.
② Nau'in fita
Samun iska mai ban sha'awa shine don yin duk tsarin samun iska a ƙarƙashin aikin babban fan don samar da matsa lamba mara kyau fiye da yanayin yanayi na gida. Saboda yawan yawan iskar shaye-shaye da babban adadin shaye-shaye, iskar shaye-shaye yana haifar da babban matsin lamba a gefen iskar iska, wanda ke sa iska mai datti ta kowane farfajiyar aiki da sauri ta maida hankali ga magudanar ruwa, kuma hayakin tsarin ba ya daɗe. mai sauƙin yadawa zuwa wasu hanyoyi, kuma saurin fitar da hayaki yana da sauri. Wannan babbar fa'ida ce ta shayar da iska. Bugu da ƙari, ana shigar da kayan kwantar da iska da kayan sarrafawa a cikin magudanar ruwa, kada ku hana sufuri na tafiya, gudanarwa mai dacewa, ingantaccen sarrafawa.
Lalacewar iskar shaye-shaye ita ce lokacin da tsarin shaye-shaye bai takura ba, yana da sauki ya haifar da gajeriyar abin sha da iska. Musamman lokacin da ake amfani da hanyar rushewa zuwa ma'adinan, an haɗa yankin da ke ƙasa da goaf, wannan lamari ya fi tsanani. Bugu da ƙari, ƙarfin iska na filin aiki da dukan tsarin shigar da iska yana da ƙasa, kuma hanyar iskar iska ta shafi yanayin iska na yanayi, wanda ke da sauƙin juyawa, yana haifar da rashin lafiyar iska ta ƙasa. Tsarin iska mai cirewa yana sa babban ɗagawa da kyau a cikin tashar tashar iska, kuma ma'adinan arewa yakamata suyi la'akari da ɗagawa da kyau a cikin hunturu.
Yawancin karafa da sauran ma'adinan da ba na kwal a kasar Sin sun yi amfani da iskar da aka zana.
3) Matsa lamba da cakuda famfo
Matsa lamba-pumping gauraye samun iska ana sarrafa ta babban fan a cikin mashiga gefen da shaye gefe, sabõda haka, mashiga da kuma shaye sashe a karkashin mataki na mafi girma iska matsa lamba da kuma matsa lamba gradient, iska kwarara bisa ga tsara hanya, hayaki shaye ne. da sauri, iska yana raguwa, ba sauƙin damuwa da iska ta yanayi kuma yana haifar da jujjuyawar iska. Amfanin yanayin iska mai matsa lamba da yanayin shayarwa shine hanya mai mahimmanci don inganta tasirin iskar tawa.
Rashin lahani na matsa lamba da yin famfo gauraye iska shine cewa akwai ƙarin kayan aikin samun iska da ake buƙata, kuma ba za a iya sarrafa iska a cikin sashin iska ba. Har yanzu ana samun zubewar iska a kasan mashigar rijiyar da kuma rugujewar bangaren shaye-shaye, amma ya fi karami.
Lokacin zabar yanayin samun iska, ko saman yana da yanki mai rugujewa ko wasu wahalar ware tashoshi abu ne mai mahimmanci. Don ma'adinan da ke ɗauke da abubuwa masu radiyo ko duwatsun ma'adinai tare da haɗarin konewa ba zato ba tsammani, nau'in famfo mai matsa lamba ko nau'in famfo mai gauraye yakamata a karɓi nau'in nau'in famfo, kuma ya kamata a karɓi nau'in tashar injin mai matakai da yawa. Don ma'adinan da ba shi da yanki na ƙasa ko kuma ba shi da yanki amma yana iya kiyaye bututun mai ta hanyar cikawa da rufewa, nau'in hakar ko nau'in hakar galibi ta nau'in hakar ya kamata a ɗauka. Don ma'adinan da ke da adadi mai yawa na wuraren da ke ƙarƙashin ƙasa, da ma'adinan da ba su da sauƙi a keɓance tsakanin bututun shaye da goaf, ko ma'adinan da aka buɗe daga sararin samaniya zuwa ma'adinan karkashin kasa, babban matsi da famfo gauraye nau'i ko nau'i mai yawa. Ya kamata a yi amfani da nau'in tashar injin mataki.
Wurin shigar da babban injin iska yana kan ƙasa kuma ana iya shigar dashi a ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Amfanin shigarwa a ƙasa shine cewa shigarwa, gyarawa, kulawa da kulawa sun fi dacewa kuma ba su da sauƙi don lalacewa ta hanyar bala'i na karkashin kasa. Rashin lahani shine rufewar rijiyar, na'urar juyawa da ramin iskar iska suna da tsadar gini da ɗigon iska mai ɗan gajeren lokaci; lokacin da ma'adinan ya yi zurfi kuma fuskar aiki ta yi nisa daga babban injin iska, shigarwa da kuma farashin gini suna da yawa. Amfanin babban injin da aka sanya a cikin ƙasa shine cewa babban na'urar da ke ba da iska ba ta raguwa, fan yana kusa da sashin iska, ƙarancin iska a hanya zai iya amfani da iska ko shaye-shaye a lokaci guda, wanda zai iya rage yawan iska. juriya da hatimi ƙasa. Rashin hasara shi ne cewa shigarwa, dubawa, gudanarwa ba shi da kyau, mai sauƙin lalacewa ta hanyar bala'i na karkashin kasa.
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Lokacin aikawa: Maris-31-2023
